A SHORTER
FINNISH DICTIONARY
[with etymologies]
compiled by Andras Rajki
2008
A
aalto [from Gmc. Cf. Icl alda] : wave
aamu [from PU *oma. Cf. Hun o (ancient)] : morning
aapa [cf. Lap ahpi (sea)] : swamp
aarre [from *arne. Cf. Est aare, Kar uarreh, Lap ardna] : treasure
aasi [from *asni, from Gmc. Cf. Swe aasna] : donkey
aateli [from Gmc. Cf. Est aadel, Swe adel] : nobility
aatra [from *adhra, from Gmc. Cf. Est ader, Swe aarder] : obs plough
aatto [from *afto-, from Gmc. Cf. Swe afton (evening)] : eve
aava [see avata] : open, wide
aave [from haave (mirage)] : ghost
aavistaa [from *haavistaa, see haamu] : guess
ahdas [from *astas < *ankstas, from Bal. Cf. Kar ahtas, Lit ankstas] : narrow
ahertaa [see ahkera] : be diligent
ahjo [from *asjo-, from Gmc] : furnace, smithy
ahkera [from ahku, from PF *asku (zeal)] : diligent
ahkio [from *askio-, from PU *aske] : sled
ahne [from *asne, see ansaita] : avid
ahrain [from Sla] : harpoon
ahtaa [from PFU *akta] : cram, stuff
ahtera [from FV *akste. Cf. Est aher] : barren
ahteri [from *akteri, from Gmc. Cf. Swe akter] : stern of ship
ahven [from Proto-Nordic. Cf. Est ahven] : perch (fish)
aika [from PF *aigan, from Gmc. Cf. Est aeg, Kar ajgu, Lap aigi, Got aiws] : time, while
aikoa [cf. Lap aigut] : intend
aina [from Bal. Cf. Kar ajnos, Lap aidna (only)] : always
aine [from aina. Cf. Est aine, Kar ajnes] : material
ainoa [from *ainoha, from Gmc. Cf. Got ainoho] : sole, unique
airo [from Bal or Gmc. Cf. Est aer, Kar ajro, Lap airu, Ltv airis, Swe aara] : oar
airut [from Gmc. Cf. Got airus] : envoy
aisa [from Bal] : shaft
aisti [from *haisti, see haistaa] : sense
aita [cf. Est aed, Kar ajdu, Lap aidi] : fence
aitta [from FV *ayta, from Bal. Cf. Est ait, Kar ajttu, Lap aiti] : storehouse
aivo [from PFU *aynge. Cf. Est aju, Kar ajvot, Lap vuoigngas, Hun agy] : brain
ajaa [from Gmc. Cf. Est ajama, Kat ajua, Lap vuodjit, Swe aaka] : drive
ajatella [cf. Kar ajatella] : think
akana [from Gmc. Cf. Got ahana] : awn
akka [cf. Kar akku (wife), Lap ahkku] : old woman
akseli [from Gmc. Cf. Lap aksil, Swe axel] : axle
ala [from PFU *ala] : area
alasti [cf. Est alasti, Kar alastoj, Lap alas] : naked
alati [cf. Est alati, Lap alo] : always
alkaa [from PU *alka. Cf. Est algama, Kar algua, Lap algit] : begin
alla [from PU *ala. Cf. Est all, Kar al, Lap vuolas (down), Hun ala] : under
allas [from *aldas, from Gmc. Cf. Lap alddis] : basin; trough
almu [from Gmc] : alms
ammatti [from *ambatti, from Gmc. Cf. Est amet, Lap ammat, Swe ämbete (office)] : job
amme [from PFU *ama] : tub
ammoin [see aamu] : in ancient times
ampiainen [cf. Kar ammurjajne] : wasp
ampua [from FPrm *ampe. Cf. Kar ambuo] : shoot
ankara [from Gmc. Cf. Ger eng (narrow)] : strict
ankea [from *angkeda, from PFU *angke. Cf. Hun aggodik (be anxious)] : sad
ankerias [from Bal. Cf. Est angerjas, Kar ängeriäs, Lap akkaras, Lit ungurys] : eel
ankka [from Gmc. Cf. Swe anka] : duck
ankkuri [from Gmc. Cf. Est ankur, Kar ankuri, Swe ankare] : anchor
anoa [from PFU. Cf. Lap atnut, Hun unszol (nag)] : ask
anoppi [from PU *ane. Cf. Kar anoppi, Lap vuoni, Hun obs napa] : mother-in-law
ansa [from Bal. Cf. Lit asa] : sling, trap
ansaita [from Gmc. Cf. Got asneis (laborer)] : earn
ansas [from *ansaz, from Gmc] : beam
antaa [from PFU *amta. Cf. Est andma, Kar andua, Lap addit, Hun ad] : give
anteeksi [from antaa. Cf. Est andestama (to pardon), Lap andagassii (excuse me)] : pardon
antura [from Gmc] : sole of shoes
apea [from *apeda, from Sla. Cf. Rus obida] : sad
apila [from Bal. Cf. Lit obuolys] : clover
apina [from Gmc. Cf. Lap ahppa, Swe apa] : ape
apotti [from Gmc. Cf. Est abt, Swe abbot] : abbot
appi [from PFU *appe. Cf. Kar appi, Lap vuohppa, Hun obs ipa] : father-in-law
aprikoida [from *apro < *arpo, see arvo] : think over
apteekki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe apotek] : pharmacy
apu [cf. Est abi, Kar abu] : help
arenti [from Gmc] : rent
arka [from Gmc. Cf. Est arg, Lap argi, Swe arg (angry)] : timid
arki [see arka. Cf. Lap arga] : workday
arkki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe ark] : ark
arkku [from Gmc. Cf. Lap arku, Swe ark] : chest, trunk
armas [from Gmc. Cf. Est armas, Kar armas, Swe arm (poor)] : dear, lovely
armo [see armas. Cf. Est arm, Kar armo] : mercy
aro [from PFU *are] : steppe
arpa [from *arba, from Gmc. Cf. Lap vuorbi] : lot, destiny
arpi [from Gmc. Cf. Lap arpa, Swe ärr] : scar
arvata [from arvo. Cf. Est arvama, Lap arvidit] : guess
arvo [from PFU *arwa. Cf. Kar arvo, Lap arvu, Hun ar] : price
asettaa [cf. Est asetama, Kar azettua, Lap asahit] : put
asia [from PFU *ate. Cf. Est asi, Kar azie, Lap assi, Hun ize (whatsit)] : thing
askel [from PU *aske. Cf. Kar askel, Hun oson (scurry)] : step
astua [see askel. Cf. Est astuma, Kar astuo] : step
asua [from PU *ase. Cf. Est asuma (be somewhere), Lap assat] : dwell
auer [see höyry. Cf. Est aur] : vapor
aukea [from *angkeda < *angke, from PU *ange] : open, free
aukko [see auki and avata] : opening
aura [from *adhra, see aatra] : plough
aurinko [from FPrm *ume] : sun
autio [from Gmc. Cf. Lap avdin, Swe öde] : deserted
auttaa [from *apu-, see apu. Cf. Kar auttua] : help
autuas [from Gmc. Cf. Got audags] : happy
avain [see avata] : key
avanto [see avata] : opening in ice
avara [see avata. Cf. Est avar] : large, wide
avata [from PFU *anga. Cf. Est avama, Kar avata, Hun old (solve)] : open
avio [from Gmc. Cf. Est abielu, Ger Ehe] : marriage
aviomies [from avio and mies. Cf. Est abielumees] : husband
ääni [from PFU. Cf. Kar iäni, Lap jietna, Hun enek (song)] : sound
ääri [from Bal. Cf. Est äär] : rim
äes [from *äkes, from Bal. Cf. Est äke, Lit ekecios] : harrow
äijä [from FPrm *äye. Cf. Est äi (father-in-law), Lap addja (grandfather)] : old man
äimä [from PU *äymä. Cf. Lap aibmi] : needle, awl
äiti [from Gmc. Cf. Lap eadni, Got aithei] : mother
äkeä [from *äkedä, from äkä. Cf. Est äge] : fierce
älistä [from onomat. *äl-] : howl
äly [from FPrm *älwä. Cf. Kar älju] : intellect
ämpäri [from Gmc. Cf. Est ämber, Swe ämbar] : bucket
äreä [from *äredä < *är-] : gruff
äristä [from onomat. *är-, see häristä] : growl
ärsyttää [cf. Lap eardudit] : excite, irritate
äyräs [from *äwräs, from *äpräs, from Gmc. Cf. Ger Ufer] : shore
äyri [from *äwri, from Gmc. Cf. Lap evre, Swe öre] : monetary unit
äyskäri [from *äwskäri] : ladle
äyskiä [from *äwski-] : howl
E
edelle [from PFU *edhe. Cf. Lap ovddas, Hun elött] : before
ehdottaa [from *est-. Cf. Lap evttohit] : propose
eheä [from *esedä < *ese] : whole
ehkäista [from *eskä-, see estää. Cf. Lap eastit] : hinder
ehtä [from *est-. See että. Cf. Lap ahte] : that
ehtiä [from *esti-, from FPrm *este. Cf. Est ehtima (adorn), Lap astat (have time)] : have time
ehto [from *esto-. Cf. Kar ehto, Lap eaktu] : condition
ehtoo [from PF *ektok. Cf. Est ohtu] : evening
ei [from PU *e. Cf. Est ei, Kar ej, Lap ii, Swe ej] : not
eilen [from PF *eklen. Cf. Est eile, Kar egljaj. See ehtoo] : yesterday
eittää [from ei. Cf. Est eitama] : deny
eksyä [cf. Est eksima] : err
elää [from PU *elä. Cf. Est elama, Kar eliä, Lap eallit, Hun el] : live
eläin [from elää. Cf. Est elukas, Kar eliä, Lap ealli, Hun allat] : animal
elki [from Bal] : trick
emä [from PU *emä. Cf. Est ema (mother), Kar emja, Hun emse (sow)] : female
emäntä [from emä. Cf. Lap eamit] : wife
enää [from PFU *enä. Cf. Est enam, Kar enämbi, Lap eanet] : more, further
enkeli [from Gmc. Cf. Est ingel, Lap enggel, Swe ängel] : angel
eno [from enää. Cf. Lap eanu] : uncle
ensi [see edelle. Cf. Est esimene, Kar ez-, Hun elsö] : first
entä [from Gmc] : maybe
epä [cf. Est eba-, Lap eahpe] : un-
erakko [see eri. Cf. Est erak] : hermit
erata [from eri. Cf. Est eraldima] : separate
erhe [from Gmc. Cf. Got airzei] : error
eri [cf. Est eri, Kar eri, Lap eara] : different
esi [see edelle. Cf. Est ees (before)] : front
estää [cf. Lap eastadit] : hinder
etelä [see edelle. Cf. Est edel (south-west)] : south
etsiä [cf. Kar eccia, Lap ohcat] : seek
etäinen [from FV *ec(k)ä] : far
etikka [from Gmc. Cf. Est äädikas, Swe ättika] : vinegar
etsiä [cf. Est otsima] : look for
että [from PU *e. Cf. Est et, Lap ahte, Hun ez (this)] : that (conj.)
eukko [from PFU *ewkke] : old woman
evä [from PFU *ewä. Cf. Hun evez (row)] : fin
eversti [from Gmc. Cf. Swe överste] : colonel
H
haahka [from PFU *acka. Cf. Est hahk] : eider
haaksi [from *saaksi, from FV *sakce] : ship
haamu [from Gmc. Cf. Lap hapmi, Swe hamn] : ghost
haapa [from *saapa, from FV *sapa. Cf. Est haab (aspen), Kar huabu] : poplar
haara [see hara. Cf. Est haru] : branch
haarukka [see haara] : fork
haava [from *hagwa, from Gmc. Cf. Est haav, Lap havvi] : wound
haavi [cf. Lap hoavva] : seine
hahmo [from *sahmo, see haamu] : figure
hai [from Gmc. Cf. Est hai, Swe haj] : shark
haikara [from *haigara, from Gmc. Cf. Swe häger (grey heron)] : stork
haista [cf. Est haistma, Lap haistit] : smell
haitata [cf. Lap heahtit] : hinder
hajota [cf. Est hajuma] : dissipate
haju [from haista. Cf. Lap hadja] : smell, odor
haka [from Gmc. Cf. Est haak, Swe hake] : hook
hakata [from Gmc. Cf. Est hakkima, Swe hacka] : hack, chop
hakku [from Gmc. Cf. Swe hacka (hoe)] : pickaxe
hako [from Bal] : twig
halko [cf. Lap halgu] : log
halla [from *salna, from Bal. Cf. Ltv salna] : frost
halli [from Gmc. Cf. Swe hall] : hall
halli [from *salni, from Bal. Cf. Est hall, Ltv salns] : grey dog
hallita [from *haldi, from Gmc. Cf. Est haldama, Lap haldet, Got haldan] : rule, administer
halpa [from *salpa, from FV *sale. Cf. Est halb (bad, ill), Lap halbi] : cheap, little
halstari [from Gmc. Cf. Swe halster] : roast
haluta [cf. Lap halidit] : wish, desire
hamaan [from PFU *cama] : wholly
hamara [from *samara, from FV *same. Cf. Lap simir (back of knife)] : degree
hame [from Gmc. Cf. OHG ham (dress)] : skirt
hammas [from *zambas, from Bal. Cf. Est hammas, Kar hammas, Lit zambas] : tooth
hamppu [from Gmc. Cf. Swe hampa] : hemp
hana [from Gmc. Cf. Lap hatna, Ger Hahn] : tap
hanhi [from *sansi, from Bal. Cf. Est hani, Kar hanhi, OPru sansy] : goose
hanka [from *sanka, from PFU *sangka. Cf. Est hang (fork), Kar hango, Lap hoangka, Hun ag (branch)] : oar-lock
hankkia [cf. Lap hangket] : acquire
hanko [cf. Lap henggon] : fork
hansikas [from Gmc. Cf. Swe handsko] : glove
hapan [from *sav-, from PFU *cawe. Cf. Fin hapan, Est hapu, Hun savanyu] : sour
hapsi [from *apti, from PU *apte. Cf. Lap vuokta]
hapsia [from Gmc. Cf. Swe hafsa] : gather in a hurry
hara [from FV *sara. Cf. Est haru (branch)] : harrow
harakka [from *saraka, from Bal or Sla. Cf. Est harakas, Kar harakku, Lit sarka, Rus soroka] : magpie
harava [from hara. Cf. Lap harat] : rake
harja [from *sarja, from Bal. Cf. Est hari, Kar harju, Lit serys (hair)] : ridge; mane; brush
harjoittaa [cf. Lap harjehat] : exercise
harkki [from FV *carkke. Cf. Est hark (fork)] : anchor
harmaa [from *sarma, from Bal. Cf. Kar harmaj, Lit sirmas] : grey
harmi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe harm (annoyance)] : trouble
harras [from *hartas, from Gmc. Cf. Swe haard (hard)] : zealous, diligent
hartia [from Gmc. Cf. Lap hardu, Icl herthar] : shoulder
harva [from *sarva, from FV *sorva. Cf. Est harva, Kar harvu, Lap harve] : rare
hatara [from Gmc] : dilapidated
hattu [from Gmc. Cf. Lap hahtta, Swe hatt] : hat
hauki [from FPrm *savki, from Sla. Cf. Est haug, Lap havga, Rus schuka] : pike
haukka [from *havukka, from Gmc. Cf. Swe hök] : hawk
haukkua [from onomat. *hau-. Cf. Est haukuma, Lap havkut] : bark (like dogs)
haukotella [from onomat. *hau-. Cf. Est haigutama] : yawn
hauli [from *hagli, from Gmc. Cf. Lap havla, Swe hagel] : small shot
hauras [from *habhras. Cf. Est habras] : fragile
haureellinen [see huora] : lewd
hauta [from *sautha, from Gmc. Cf. Est haud, Kar haudu, Lap havdi] : grave
hautoa [from *saut-, from Bal. Cf. Est hautama, Lap havdut, Ltv sautet] : braise
havista [from onomat. *hav-] : hum, buzz
havitella [from PFU *sange] : wish
havu [from *zabu, from Bal] : needle (of pine)
häärätä [cf. Lap hearidit] : make efforts
häät [cf. Kar hiät, Lap headjat] : marriage
häiritä [cf. Est häirima] : disturb
häkä [cf. Lap heahki] : coal-gas
häkki [from Gmc. Cf. Lap hehkke, Swe häck] : cage
hälistä [from onomat. *häl-] : make noise
häly [from hälistä. Cf. Est heli, Kar hjalju] : noise
hämärä [cf. Est hämar] : dim
hämmästyä [from *hämpäs-. Cf. Est hämmastama (amaze), Lap heammastus (amazement)] : be amazed
hämy [see hämärä] : sunset
hän [from PFU *so. Cf. Kar hjan, Lap son, Hun ö] : he
häntä [cf. Kar hjandü] : tail
häpy [cf. Est häbi, Lap heahpu] : shame
häristä [from onomat. *här-] : growl
härkä [from *särkä. Cf. Est härg, Kar hjargja, Lap heargi (reindeer bull)] : ox
härkin [from *erkin, from Bal. Cf. Est ergutama (stir), Ltv erkulis] : stirrer
härmä [from *särmä, from Bal. Cf. Est härm, Lap cuorpma (hail), Lit sarma (hoar)] : hoar
hätä [cf. Est häda, Lap heahti] : trouble
hävittää [cf. Est hävima, Kar hjavitä, Lap heavahit] : be destroyed
he [from PFU *so. Cf. Kar hjuö, Lap sii] : they
hede [cf. Lap hedjen] : embryo
hedelmä [from hede] : fruit
hehkua [cf. Est hooguma] : glow
heikko [cf. Kar hejkko] : weak
heilua [cf. Lap heailut] : swing
heimo [from *seimo, from Bal. Cf. Est hoim, Kar hejmo, Lap heaibmu, Lit seima (family)] : tribe
heinä [from *seinä, from Bal. Cf. Est hein (grass, hay), Kar hejnü, Lap suoidni, Lit sienas] : hay
heittää [from *seittä-, from FPrm *saytta. Cf. Est heitma, Lap heaitit] : cast
hekuma [from Gmc] : joy
helistä [from onomat. *hel-. Cf. Est helistama] : clink
helka [from Gmc. Cf. Swe helg] : festival
hellä [cf. Est hell] : tender
helle [from *selte, from Bal. Cf. Lit siltas (warm)] : sultry heat
helluntai [from Gmc. Cf. Lap hellodagat, Swe helgdag (holiday)] : Whitsunday
helma [cf. Lap healbmi] : rim
helmi [from Proto-Nordic. Cf. Est helmes (bead), Lap helbmo (pearl)] : pearl
helppo [from Gmc. Cf. Est holpus, Lap healpu] : easy
helvetti [from Gmc. Cf. Lap helvet, Swe helvete] : hell
henki [from PFU *cenki. Cf. Est hing (soul), Kar hengi (breath, soul), Lap heagga (soul, person)] : breath
hereä [from *heredä < *here] : ample; tender
herätä [cf. Est äratama] : wake
herhiläinen [from *sersi, from Bal. Cf. Est herilane, Lit sirsuo] : hornet
heristää [from häristä] : threaten
herja [from Gmc] : rascal
herkkä [cf. Lap hearki] : sensitive
herne [from *zerne, from Bal. Cf. Est hernes, Kar herneh, Lit zirnis] : pea
herra [from Ger. Cf. Est härra, Lap hearra, Swe herr] : sir
hertta [from Gmc. Cf. Est ärtu, Lap hearta, Swe hjärter] : hearts (of playing cards)
herttua [from Gmc. Cf. Swe hertig] : prince, count
hetki [from FPrm *cäcke] : while, moment
hevonen [from *hepo. Cf. Est hobune, Kar hebojne] : horse
hidas [from *sithas, from Gmc. Cf. Lap hidjis] : slow
hieho [from Gmc] : heifer
hieroa [from *sieroa, FPrm *sera. Cf. Est hooruma, Lap fierrut] : rub, massage
hiha [from *sisa, from FV *isa] : sleeve
hihna [from FV *sisna. Cf. Kar hijhnu] : thong
hiihtää [cf. Lap hihttat] : ski (v.)
hiili [cf. Est hiilgus (brilliance), Kar hijli (coal), Lap hilla (ember)] : coal
hiiri [from PFU *singere. Cf. Est hiir, Kar hijri, Hun eger] : mouse
hiiva [from FV *cinga] : yeast
hiki [from Pre-Nordic. Cf. Est higi, Kar higi] : sweat
hiljaa [cf. Lap hiljit] : slowly
hillo [from *silto, from Gmc. Cf. Swe sylt] : jam
hilpeä [from *silpedä < *silpe] : merry
himmeä [from *himmedä < *himme. See hämy] : dim
himo [cf. Est himu, Kar himo, Lap hipmu] : lust
hinta [from FV *canta. Cf. Est hind, Kar hindu, Lap haddi] : price
hioa [from *sioa, from FV *singa. Cf. Est ihuma] : whet
hipiä [from Gmc. Cf. Got hiwi] : hue
hirmu [cf. Est hirm, Lap hirbma] : horror
hirsi [from FPrm *sirti, from Sla. Cf. Lap hirsa, Rus zherd’] : beam, log
hirssi [from Gmc. Cf. Est hirs, Lap hirsa, Swe hirs] : millet
hirveä [from *sirvedä < *sirve] : horrible
hirvi [from *sirvi, from Bal. Cf. Est hirv (deer), Kar hirvi (reindeer), OPru sirwis] : reindeer
hissi [from Gmc. Cf. Lap hissa, Swe hiss] : elevator
hius [from *hivus, see hipiä. Cf. Kar hivus] : hair
hoitaa [cf. Lap hoitat] : care
hoksata [cf. Lap hoksat] : notice
hokki [cf. Lap hohkka] : hobnail
hoku [cf. Lap hoahka] : chatter
holhota [see huoli. Cf. Est hoolima] : care for
holkki [from Gmc. Cf. Lap hoalka, Swe holk] : holster
holvi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe valv] : vault
hopea [from *sope. Cf. Est hobe] : silver
hoppu [cf. Lap hoahppu] : hurry
houkuttaa [cf. Lap hohkahit] : deceive; entice
housut [from Gmc. Cf. Ger Hose] : trousers
hovi [from Gmc. Cf. Est hoov, Lap hoavva, Swe hov] : court
höllä [see hellä] : slack
höpistä [from onomat. *höp-. Cf. Hun hüppög (blubber)] : mumble
höristä [from onomat. *hör-. Cf. Hun hörög (rattle)] : buzz
hörppiä [from onomat. *hörp-. Cf. Hun hörpöl] : slurp
höyhen [from *heüsen] : feather
höylä [from *heülä, from Gmc. Cf. Est höövel, Lap heavval, Swe hyvel] : plane (tool)
höyry [from *heürü. Cf. Kar hjoürju, Lap hevro] : steam, mist
höyste [from *heüste] : spice; dung
huhmar [from FV *suma. Cf. Est uhmer] : vat
huhta [from FV *sukta] : clearing
huikea [from *suvikeda < *suvike] : huge
huima [from *kwima, from Gmc] : wild, cruel
huiska [from Gmc. Cf. Swe viska] : whisk
huitoa [cf. Lap huidut] : swing
huivi [from Gmc] : cloth
hukka [from FPrm *cukka. Cf. Est hukka (lost), Kar hukku (wolf)] : wolf
hukkua [cf. Lap hohkkat] : drown
hulikka [see holkki] : vat
hullu [cf. Est hull] : mad
hulpio [cf. Lap holbi] : rim
humala [from Gmc. Cf. Est humal, Kar humalu, Swe humle] : hop
humista [from onomat. *hum-] : hum
hunaja [from Gmc. Cf. Lap honnet, Swe honung] : honey
huokailla [from *suoka-, from PFU *soke] : moan
huokea [from Gmc. Cf. Swe höger (right)] : cheap, light
houkka [cf. Lap hoavki] : stupid
houru [cf. Lap hoavri] : mad
huoli [cf. Est hool, Lap fuolahit (to care)] : care
huoma [cf. Lap fuobmat (notice)] : care, protection
huomen [cf. Est hommik (morning), homme (tomorrow), Kar huomej] : morning; tomorrow
huone [from *suone, from FPrm *sone. Cf. Est hoone (building), Kar huoneh (room)] : room
huono [cf. Lap fuotni] : bad
huopa [from Gmc. Cf. Swe tova (tuft)] : felt
huora [from Gmc. Cf. Lap fuorra, Swe hora] : whore
huosia [from PFU *coce] : scrub
huotra [from *fuotra, from Gmc] : sheath
huovi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe hovman (courtier)] : rider, vassal
hupa [from *supa, from PFU *cupa. Cf. Lap hobas, Hun sovany (meager)] : decreasing
hurista [from onomat. *sur-. Cf. Lap hurrat] : hum, buzz
hurskas [from Gmc. Cf. Lap hurskkis, OHG horsc (clever)] : pious
hursti [from Gmc. Cf. Lap horsta] : sacking
hurtta [from Sla] : hound
huttu [from *suktu, from FPrm *sungte] : porridge
huuhtoa [from *suktoa, from FV *suke] : rinse
huuli [from *suli, from PFU *sule. Cf. Est huul, Kar huuli] : lip
huutaa [from Gmc. Cf. Est hüüdma] : call
huvi [from *hup-, see hyppiä] : joy
hyhmä [from *sysmä, from FV *sese] : melting snow
hylätä [cf. Lap hilgut] : reject
hylje [from *silje, from Gmc. Cf. Est hüljes, Swe säl] : seal
hylly [from Gmc. Cf. Lap hildu. Cf. Swe hylla] : shelf
hylsy [from Gmc. Cf. Swe hylsa] : sheath
hymähtää [from onomat. *hüm-. Cf. Est ümisema, Lap himihit] : hum
hyppiä [from *hup-, from Gmc. Cf. Est hüppama, Swe hoppa] : hop
hyrähtää [from onomat. *hür-. Cf. Lap hurihit] : doodle
hytti [from Gmc. Cf. Est hütt, Swe hytt] : cabin
hytty [from Gmc. Cf. Swe hytta] : furnace
hyvä [from *syvä, from PFU *sengä. Cf. Est hüva, Kar hjuvja, Lap hui (very)] : good
hyy [from *syy, from PFU *sünge] : hoar, frost
I
ien [from PFU *ikene. Cf. Est ige, Kar ien, Hun iny] : gums
ies [from *ike, from Sla. Cf. Est ike, Rus igo] : yoke
ihailla [from *isa-, from Gmc] : gaze
ihme [see ihailla. Cf. Est ime, Lap imas] : miracle
ihminen [from *isme < *imse, from FV *inse. Cf. Est inimene, Kar ihmine] : man
iho [from FPrm *yisa. Cf. Est ihu (body), iha (desire)] : skin
ihra [from *isra < *istra, from Gmc. Cf. Swe ister] : fat
iili [from *igli, from Gmc. Cf. Swe igel] : leech
ikä [from PFU *yikä. Cf. Est iga, Lap ahki, jahki, Hun ev (year)] : age
ikkuna [from Sla. Cf. Est aken, Kar ikkun, Rus okno] : window
ilkeä [from *elhedä, from *elhia, from Gmc] : evil
ilma [from PFU *ilma. Cf. Est ilm, Lap albmi (sky)] : air
ilman [cf. Est ilma, Lap almma] : without
ilo [cf. Est ilu (beauty), Lap ilu (joy)] : joy
ilves [cf. Est ilves, Kar ilves, Lap albbas] : lynx
imeä [from PU *ime. Cf. Est imema, Kar imie, Hun emlö (breast)] : suck
imelä [from FPrm *yimä. Cf. Est imal (tasteless)] : sweetish
into [from FPrm *onta. Cf. Est ind] : zeal
irtain [from Bal. Cf. Ltv erts] : loose, relaxed
isä [from PU *icä. Cf. Est isa, Kar izhja, Lap ahcci, Hun ös (ancestor)] : father
istua [from FV *ise. Cf. Est istuma, Kar istuo] : sit
itä [from PFU *itä. Cf. Est ida] : east
itkeä [cf. Kar itkie] : weep
itse [from PFU *ice. Cf. Est ise, Lap ies] : self
J
ja [from Gmc. Cf. Est ja, Lap ja, Got jah] : and
jahti [from *jakti, from Gmc. Cf. Swe jakt] : hunt
jakaa [from PU *yaka. Cf. Est jagama, Kar jagua, Lap juohkit] : divide
jaksaa [from FPrm *yaksa. Cf. Est jaksama, Kar jaksattua (undress)] : feel, able
jalan [from jalka. Cf. Est jala, Kar jallaj, Hun gyalog] : on foot
jalava [cf. Est jalakas] : elm
jalka [from PFU *yalka. Cf. Est jalg, Kar jalgu, Lap juolgi] : leg, foot
jamata [from FV *yama. Cf. Lap jumes (twin)] : pair, match
jano [cf. Est janu] : thirst
jatkaa [cf. Lap joatkit] : extend
jauhaa [from *jangsa-, from FV *yangsa. Cf. Est jahvatama, Kar jauhua] : grind
jauho [from *jangso, see jauhaa. Cf. Est jahu, Lap jaffut] : flour
jää [from PFU *yänge. Cf. Est jää, Kar jiä, Lap jieknga, Hun jeg] : ice
jäädä [from PFU *yönge. Cf. Est jääma, Kar jiäja, Hun jön (come)] : remain
jäähtyä [from *jäs-, from PFU *yäkse] : cool down
jääkäri [from Gmc. Cf. Swe jägare] : hunter
jäärä [from Bal. Cf. Est jäär, Ltv jers (lamb)] : ram
jäävi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe jäv] : objection
jäkälä [from FPrm *yäkä. Cf. Lap jeagil] : lichen
jälki [from PFU *yälke. Cf. Est jälg, Kar jalgi, Hun jel (sign)] : track
jälsi [from FPrm *yälte] : sap
jänis [from Pre-Nordic. Cf. Est jänes, Kar janöj] : hare
jänne [from PU *yänte. Cf. Hun ideg (nerve)] : sinew
järsiä [see jyrsiä] : gnaw
järvi [from FV *yärvä, from Bal. Cf. Est järv, Kar jarvi, Lap javri, Lit jura (sea)] : lake
jäsen [from PFU *yäse. Cf. Est jäse, Hun iz] : limb; member
jästi [from Gmc. Cf. Lap jeasta. Cf. Swe jäst] : yeast
jättää [from jäädä. Cf. Est jätma] : leave
jätti [cf. Lap jiehtanas, Swe jätte] : giant
jäyhä [from *jäwsä] : gruff
jäykkä [from *jäwkä. Cf. Est jäik] : rigid
jäyttä [from *jäwt-] : gnaw
jo [from Gmc. Cf. Lap juo, Got ju] : already
johtaa [from *jokta, from PFU *jukta. Cf. Est juhtima, Lap jodjihit] : lead
joka [from FV *yo] : which, that
joka [from joka. Cf. Est iga, Kar joga, Lap juohke] : every
joki [from PU *yoke. Cf. Est jogi, Kar jogi, Lap johka] : river
jolla [from Gmc. Cf. Swe jolle] : boat
jono [cf. Kar juno] : row
jos [see jo. Cf. Lap jos] : if
joukko [from PFU *yowkke. Cf. Kar joukko, Lap joavku, Hun gyakran (often)] : heap, group, team
joulu [from Gmc. Cf. Est joulud, Lap juovllat, Swe jul] : Christmas
jousi [from *jongsi, from PU *yongse. Cf. Hun ij] : bow
joutaa [cf. Est joudma, Lap joavdat] : reach, arrive
joutsen [from *jongtsen, from PFU *yongkce] : swan
juhla [see joulu] : feast
juhta [from *jukta, from Bal] : draught animal
juko [from Gmc] : yoke
julkea [from *julkeda < *julke. Cf. Est julge (daring), Kar julgej] : insolent, pert
julma [from FPrm *yulma. Cf. Est julm, Lap julbmi] : cruel
jumala [from FV *yuma. Cf. Est jumal, Kar jumal, Lap ipmil] : god
juna [see jono] : train
juoda [from PFU *yughe. Cf. Est jooma, Kar juvva, Lap juhkat, Hun iszik] : drink
juomu [from Bal. Cf. Ltv joma] : groove
juosta [from PFU *yokse. Cf. Est jooksma, Kar juosta, Lap johtit, Hun ivik (spawn)] : run
juusto [from *uusto, from Gmc. Cf. Est juust, Lap vuosta, Swe ost] : cheese
jutella [from PFU *yukta. Cf. Hun jatek (toy, game)] : chat
juttu [from jutella. Cf. Est jutt] : story
juuri [from FV *yure. Cf. Est juur, Kar juuri, Lap jurdda (thought)] : root
jymistä [from onomat. *jüm-. Cf. Lap jupmat] : resound
jyristä [from onomat. *jür-. Cf. Lap jurrat] : resound
jyrsiä [from FPrm *yire. Cf. Lap jursat] : gnaw
jyvä [from FPrm *yewä] : grain
K
kaakeli [from Gmc. Cf. Est kahhel, Swe kakel] : tile
kaakatta [cf. Lap gahkkut] : quack (v.)
kaakko [cf. Est kagu] : south-east
kaakkuri [cf. Lap gahkkor] : loon
kaalamo [from PFU *kälä. Cf. Est koole, Kar kuolates, Lap gala] : ford
kaali [from Gmc. Cf. Lap galla, Swe kaal] : cabbage
kaapia [from descr. *kap-. Cf. Hun kapar] : scratch
kaappi [from *skappi, from Gmc. Cf. Est kapp, Lap skahppe, Swe skaap] : wardrobe
kaari [from *kangari, from PFU *kanga. Cf. Est kaar, Kar kuari, Lap kuongar] : arc, bow
kaarna [from Bal. Cf. Ltv karna] : bark, peel
kaarne [from PU *kürne. Cf. Est kaaren] : raven
kaarti [from *gaardi, from Gmc. Cf. Swe garde] : guard
kaarto [from kaari. Cf. Est kaard] : curve
kaasu [from *gaasu, from Gmc. Cf. Swe gas] : gas
kaatiot [from *gatio, from Sla] : pants
kaatua [cf. Kar kuaduo] : fall, topple
kaava [from *kagwa, from Gmc] : model, form
kade [cf. Est kade, Lap gadjas] : envious
kadota [from PU *kadha. Cf. Est kaduma, Hun hagy (let)] : disappear
kahdeksan [from kaksi and FV *deksan (ten). Cf. Est kaheksa, Kar kaheksa, Lap gavcci] : eight
kahlata [see kaalamo. Cf. Est kahlama, Lap gallit, Hun kel (cross)] : wade
kahva [cf. Lap geavja] : handle
kahveli [from *gaffeli, from Gmc. Cf. Lap gaffel, Swe gaffel] : fork
kahvi [from Gmc. Cf. Est kohv, Lap gaffe, Swe kaffe] : coffee
kaide [from *skaide, from Gmc. Cf. Swe sked (spoon; weaver’s reed)] : bar, rail; weaver’s reed
kaihdin [from *gaistin] : curtain
kaihi [from *gaisin] : cataract
kaihtaa [from *gaista-] : avoid
kaikki [from Bal. Cf. Est koik, Kar kajkin, Lap gait, Lit kiek] : all
kaikua [from FV *kayke. Cf. Lap skaigit (shout)] : resound
kaima [from Bal. Cf. Lap gaibmi, guoibmi (partner)] : namesake
kainalo [from PU *kone. Cf. Est kaenal, Kar kajnalo, Hun honalj] : armpit
kaira [from *gaira, from Gmc. Cf. ON geir (lance)] : drill
kaisla [from *gaisla, from Gmc. Cf. ON geisl (stick)] : reed
kaista [from Gmc] : stripe
kaita [from *gaida, from Gmc. Cf. Lan gaida (spear)] : narrow
kaivaa [from PU *koywa. Cf. Est kaevama, Kar kajvua, Lap goaivut, Hun hany (throw dirt)] : dig
kaivin [from kaivaa. Cf. Lap goaivvan] : spade
kaivo [from kaivaa, Cf. Est kaev, Kar kajvo, Lap gaivo] : well
kajastaa [see koittaa. Cf. Lap guojihit] : dawn (v.)
kajata [from PU *kaya. Cf. Est kajama, Lap gajanas (echo)] : resound
kajava [see kajata. Cf. Est kajakas] : gull
kajota [from PFU *kaye] : touch
kakku [from Gmc. Cf. Est kook, Lap gahkku, Swe kaka] : cake
kaksi [from PU *kakta. Cf. Est kaks, Kar kaksi, Lap guokte, Hun ket] : two
kala [from PU *kala. Cf. Est kala, Kar kala, Lap guolli, Hun hal] : fish
kalista [from onomat. *kal-] : clatter
kaljama [cf. Lap galljin] : slippery ice
kalju [see kallo] : bald
kalkki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe kalk] : chalice
kalkkuna [from Gmc. Cf. Est kalkun, Swe kalkon] : turkey
kallas [from *halthaz, from Gmc. Cf. Est kallas] : shore
kallio [from or akin to Gmc. Cf. Est kalju, Kar kallivo, Lap galli, Swe häll] : rock
kallis [cf. Est kallis, Kar kallis] : dear
kallo [from *skallo, from Gmc. Cf. Est kolju, Lap gallu, Swe skalle] : skull
kalma [from PU *kalma. Cf. Est kalm (grave), Kar kalmu] : death
kalu [cf. Lap galvu] : thing, stuff
kalvo [from PFU *kalwe. Cf. Hun halyog (cataract)] : skin, membrane
kamara [from PU *kama. Cf. Est kamar, Hun ham (epithelium)] : layer
kammio [from *skammio, from Gmc. Cf. ON skemma] : small chamber
kammo [from *hammo, from Gmc] : horror
kampa [from *kamba, from Gmc. Cf. Est kamm, Swe kam] : comb
kampata [from Gmc. Cf. Lap gambut, Swe kämpa] : fight
kampsu [cf. Lap gumpus] : blood pudding
kana [from *hana, from Gmc. Cf. Est kana, Kar kana, Swe hane (cock)] : hen
kanava [from Sla. Cf. Rus kanava] : canal
kaneli [from Gmc. Cf. Est kaneel, Swe kanel] : cinnamon
kangas [from PFU *kangka] : sandy plain
kangas [from Gmc. Cf. Est kangas, Kar kangas, Lap gakkis, ON kangr] : fabric
kanki [cf. Est kang, Lap gangga] : lever, bar
kankuri [from Gmc. Cf. Est kangur, Icl köngur] : weaver
kannu [from Gmc. Cf. Est kann, Lap gadnu, Swe kanna] : jug
kansa [from *hansa, from Gmc. Cf. Est kaasa (with), Kar kanzu (people), Lap guossi (stranger)] : people
kansi [from FPrm *komta. Cf. Est kaas, Lap goavdi (opening)] : lid, cover
kanta [from PFU *kanta. Cf. Est kant (region), Lap gaddi (coast)] : root, ground
kantaa [from PU *kanta. Cf. Est kandma, Kar kandua, Lap guoddit] : carry
kantele [from Bal] : a musical instrument
kanto [from kanta. Cf. Est känd, Lap guottu] : stump
kapakka [from Sla. Cf. Rus kabak] : pub
kapea [from *kapeda < *kape] : narrow
kapi [from *skabi, from Gmc. Cf. Swe skabb] : scab
kapista [from onomat. *kap-, see kopista] : knock
kappa [from Gmc. Cf. Swe kappa] : cape
kappa [from Gmc. Cf. Swe kappe] : pint
kappale [from Bal. Cf. Lap gahppalat, Ltv gabals] : piece
kapsäkki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe kappsäck] : suitcase
kapula [from Gmc. Cf. Lap gahpol, Swe kavle] : rod, shaft
kapusta [from Sla] : wooden spoon
karhe [cf. Lap gahro] : stack (of hay)
karhi [from FV *karca] : harrow
karhu [from karjua. Cf. Est karu] : bear
kari [cf. Lap garggu] : boulder
karitsa [see karja] : lamb
karja [from *harja, from Gmc. Cf. Est kari, Kar karju, Swe här (army)] : herd of cattle
karjua [from onomat. *kar-] : howl
karkea [from *karkeda, from FPrm *karke. Cf. Est kare] : rough
karku [from PFU *korke] : flight
karmea [from *karmeda < *karme] : rude
karppi [from Gmc. Cf. Est karp, Swe karp] : carp
karsi [from Gmc. Cf. Ger Kerze (candle)] : ash, soot (of candle)
karsina [from Bal] : crib
karsia [cf. Lap garsat] : pare down
karsta [from Gmc] : card
kartano [from *garten, from Gmc. Cf. Lap gardin, Ger Garten (garden)] : farm-house
kartta [from Gmc. Cf. Est kaart, Swe karta] : map
karttua [cf. Lap gartat] : grow
karva [from Bal. Cf. Est karv, Kar karvu] : fur, hair
karvas [from *harvaz, from Gmc] : bitter
kas [cf. Lap gea] : here you are
kasa [from PU *kaca. Cf. Lap geahci (tip)] : heap
kasari [from Sla] : pan
kaski [from PFU *kuce] : cleared field
kaski [from Gmc. Cf. Swe kask] : helmet
kasku [from Sla. Cf. Rus skazka] : tale, anecdote
kassara [from Sla. Cf. Rus kosyr] : hatchet
kaste [cf. Est kaste, Kar kaste] : dew
kastua [see kaste. Cf. Lap gastat] : get wet
kasvaa [from PFU *kaswa. Cf. Est kasvama, Kar kazvua, Hun haszon (benefit)] : grow
kataja [from PFU *koca. Cf. Est kadakas] : juniper
katiska [from Sla] : fish-basket
katkaista [from FPrm *kacka. Cf. Est katkema] : break in two
katkera [from katku. Cf. Kar katkera] : bitter
katku [from FV/FPrm *kacke. Cf. Est katk (plague)] : bitter smell
katsoa [from FPrm *kace. Cf. Est katsuma (touch; try), Lap geahccat] : look
kattaa [cf. Est katma, Kar kattua] : cover
kattila [from Gmc. Cf. Est katel, Swe kittel] : kettle
katto [from kattaa. Cf. Lap gahttu] : roof
katu [from *gatu, from Gmc. Cf. Lap gahtta, Swe gata] : street
katua [cf. Lap gahtat] : regret
kauha [from *kausa, from Bal. Cf. Lit kausas] : ladle
kauhea [from *kavseda < *kavse. Cf. Lap gafat] : terrible
kaukainen [from PFU *kawka. Cf. Est kaua (long time), Lap guhka] : faraway
kaukalo [from FV *kawka. Cf. Lap gavgil] : trough
kaula [from *kakla, from Bal. Cf. Est kael, Kar kaglu, Lit kaklas] : neck
kaunis [from *skaunis, from Gmc. Cf. Est kaunis, Kar kaunis, Swe skön] : beautiful
kauppa [from Gmc. Cf. Est kaubandus, Kar kauppu, Lap gavpi, Swe köp] : trade
kaupunki [from Gmc. Cf. Lap gavpot, Swe köping] : town
kaura [from *havra, from Gmc. Cf. Est kaer, Kar kagru, Lap havvar, Swe havre] : oat
kauris [from *havris, from Gmc] : wild goat
kausi [cf. Lap guovddas (center)] : season
kautta [cf. Est kaudu] : through
kavala [cf. Lap gavvil] : sly
kaveri [from Yid haver] : pal
kavio [from *kapio, from Sla. Cf. Est kabi, Kar kabju, Rus kopyto] : hoof
kavuta [from PFU *kawa] : creep
kääntää [From FPrm *käncä. Cf. Est käänama, Lap geandit] : turn
käärme [from Bal. Cf. Lap gearpmas] : snake
käärö [cf. Lap gearru] : roll
käetä [cf. Lap geahkat] : intend
käheä [from *kähedä < *kähe, from onomat. *käh-. See köhiä] : hoarse
kähertää [see kihara. Cf. Est käher (curly)] : curl (v.)
käki [from Bal. Cf. Est kägu, Lap giehka] : cuckoo
käly [from PU *käle. Cf. Est käli, Lap galo-] : sister-in-law
kämmen [from PFU *käme. Cf. Est kämmal, Kar kjammen] : palm
käpälä [cf. Lap geahpil (flipper)] : paw
käpy [cf. Est käbi] : pine-cone
kärki [cf. Lap geahci] : peak
kärpänen [from FV *karme. Cf. Est kärbes, Kar kiärbjajne] : fly
kärsiä [from FV *kärte. Cf. Est kärsima, Lap gierdat] : suffer
käsi [from PFU *käte. Cf. Est käsi, Kar kjazi, Lap giehta, Hun kez] : hand
käsky [from FPrm *käske. Cf. Est käsk, Kar kjaskju, Lap geasku] : order, command
kätkeä [from FV *käcke. Cf. Lap gietkat] : hide
käydä [from *käwdhä, from FV *käwe. Cf. Est käima, Lap geavvat] : walk
käyrä [from *käwrä, from *käbhrä. Cf. Est kover, Lap givri] : crooked
käyte [from *käwte] : ferment
käyttä [from *käwt-. Cf. Lap geavahit] : use
kehä [from FV *kecä] : circle
kehlo [from FV *kecle] : vat
keho [cf. Est keha] : body
kehlo [from FV *kecle] : bowl
kehrä [from FV *kecrä] : reel
kehrätä [from kehrä. Cf. Kar kezrjatä] : spin
kehto [from Gmc. Cf. Lap geattu, Swe kätte (section)] : cradle
keihäs [from *geisas, from Gmc] : javelin
keino [cf. Lap geaidnu (way)] : means
keisari [from Gmc. Cf. Est keiser, Swe kejsare] : emperor
keittää [see kiehua. Cf. Est keetma (boil), Kar kejttiä (cook)] : cook
kela [from Bal] : reel
keli [from Bal. Cf. Kar keli, Lit kelias] : road
kelkka [from Gmc. Cf. Est kelk, Lap gielka, Swe kälke] : sled
kella [from *kegla, from Gmc. Cf. Swe kägla] : bowling
kellari [from Gmc. Cf. Swe källare] : cellar
kello [from *skello, from Gmc. Cf. Est kell, Kar kello, Swe skälla] : bell, clock
kelmu [from FPrm *kelmä] : skin
kelpo [cf. Lap gealbu (ability)] : brave
keltainen [from *gelta, from Bal. Cf. Est kollane, Kar keldajne, Lit geltas] : yellow
ken [cf. Est kes, Lap gean] : who
kenkä [from *skenkä > *skankos > *skohaz, from Gmc. Cf. Est king, Swe känga, sko] : shoe
kenraali [from Gmc. Cf. Swe general] : general
kenttä [from FPrm *kentä. Cf. Lap gieddi] : field
kepeä [from *kepedä < *kepe. See keveä] : quick
keppi [from Gmc. Cf. Est kepp, Swe käpp] : stick, cane
kerä [from PFU *kerä] : skein
kerätä [see kertyä] : gather
kerjätä [from PFU *kerä. Cf. Est kerjama, Lap gearjidit, Hun ker (ask)] : beg
kerkeä [from *kerkedä < *kerke. Cf. Lap geargat] : quick
kernas [from Gmc. Cf. Swe gärna] : ready, willing
kerros [from kerta] : floor
kersantti [from Gmc] : sergeant
kerta [from *kerda, from Bal. Cf. Est kord, Lap geardi, OPru kerdan] : time
kertoa [from kerta. Cf. Lap geardut] : repeat; tell
kertyä [cf. Lap gartat] : gather
kesä [from FV *kesä. Cf. Kar kezja, Lap geassi] : summer
keski [from FPrm *keske. Cf. Est kesk, Kar keski, Lap gaska] : middle
kestää [cf. Est kestma] : endure
kestikievari [from Gmc. Cf. Swe gästgivare] : host
kestit [from *gesti, from Gmc. Cf. Swe gäst] : guests
ketju [from Gmc. Cf. Est kett, Lap gehtet, Swe kedja] : chain
keto [cf. Lap gieddi] : field
kettinki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe kätting] : chain
kettu [from Bal. Cf. OPru katto (cat)] : fox
keula [from Gmc. Cf. Swe köl] : bow of ship
kevät [from FV *kengä. Cf. Est kevad, Kar kevjat] : springtime
keveä [from *kepedä, from PU *kepä. Cf. Kar kebej, Lap geahpas, Hun keves (few)] : light
kevyt [see keveä] : light
kide [from FV *kice] : crystal
kiehua [from PU *keye. Cf. Est kihama (teem), Kar kiehua (boil)] : boil
kieli [from PU *kele. Cf. Est keel, Kar kieli, Lap giella] : tongue; language
kieltää [cf. Est keelduma (refuse), Lap gieldit (forbid)] : deny, forbid
kieriä [from PFU *kerä. Cf. Hun kerek (round)] : roll
kiertää [see kieriä. Cf. Est keerama, Lap kierre (turn)] : wind
kihara : curl
kihistä [from onomat. *kih-] : hiss
kihlat [from *gisla, from Gmc. Cf. Lap gihli, Swe gisslan (hostage)] : dowry
kihti [from *gihti, from Gmc. Cf. Swe gikt] : gout
kiikari [from Gmc. Cf. Est kiiker, Lap kikkar, Swe kikare] : binoculars
kiikku [cf. Est kiik] : seesaw
kiila [from Gmc. Cf. Swe kil] : wedge
kiiläinen [from PFU *kile] : gadfly
kiillottaa [see kiiltää. Cf. Lap geallat] : polish
kiiltää [cf. Lap gildit] : shine
kiima [from FPrm *keye. Cf. Lap gieibmi] : heat, rut, mating season
kiinni [see kiinteä. Cf. Est kinni, Lap gitta] : closed
kiinteä [from *kinteda < *kinte. Cf. Est kindel] : fixed
kiipeli [from *gibeli, from Sla. Cf. Rus gibel’] : trouble
kiiras [from *skiras, from Gmc. Cf. Swe skär] : pure
kiiriä [see kieriä. Cf. Lap girdit (fly)] : roll
kiiski [from PFU *kiske. Cf. Hun küsz (ablet)] : bream
kiisu [from Gmc. Cf. Swe kis] : pebble
kiittää [cf. Lap giittit] : thank
kiivas [see kiima. Cf. Lap giivvis] : fierce, eager
kilistä [from onomat. *kil-] : sound
kiljua [from onomat. *kil-. Cf. Lap gilljut] : howl
kilpa [cf. Lap gilvu] : race, contest
kilpi [cf. Est kilp, Lap galba] : shield; sign
kilta [from *gilda, from Gmc. Cf. Swe gille] : guild
kiltti [from *gildi, from Gmc] : brave
kimalainen [from Sla. Cf. Est kimalane, Rus chmel’] : bumble-bee
kimallella [from *skima-, from Gmc. Cf. Swe skimra] : shimmer
kimeä [from *kimedä < *kime] : shrill
kimppu [cf. Est kimp, Lap gimpu] : bunch
kinkku [from *skinku, from Gmc. Cf. Est sink, Swe skinka] : ham
kinnas [from Bal. Cf. Est kinnas] : mitten
kipeä [from *kipedä < *kipe. Cf. Kar kibej, Lap gihppui] : ill
kipene [from FPrm *kipe] : spark; morsel
kirahvi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe giraff] : giraffe
kireä [from *kiredä, from FV *kire. Cf. Lap garas (hard)] : taut
kirja [cf. Kar kirju, Lap girji] : book
kirje [cf. Est kiri, Kar kirja] : letter
kirkko [from Gmc. Cf. Est kirik, Kar kirikkö, Lap girku, Swe kyrka] : church
kirnu [from Gmc. Cf. Est kirn, Lap girdno, Swe kärna] : churn
kiro [cf. Lap garru] : curse
kirppu [cf. Est kirp, Kar kirppu] : flea
kirsi [from PFU *kerte. Cf. Lap girse] : frost
kirsikka [from Gmc. Cf. Est kirss, Swe körs] : cherry
kirstu [from Bal. Cf. Lit karstas] : case, coffin
kirves [from Bal. Cf. Est kirves, Kar kirves, Lit kirvis] : axe
kisa [from PFU *küse. Cf. Kar kizha, Hun küzd (fight)] : play
kisälli [from Gmc. Cf. Swe gesäll] : apprentice
kiskoa [from PFU *kiske] : drag
kissa [from Gmc. Cf. Est kass, Kar kazhi, OHG kazza, Swe kisse] : cat
kitistä [from onomat. *kit-. Cf. Lap gihcat] : creak
kitkeä [from FV *kicka. Cf. Est kitkuma] : weed out
kitkerä [see katkera] : bitter
kitsas [from Gmc. Cf. Est kitsi, Lap gahcci, Ger Geiz (stinginess)] : stingy
kiuas [from kivi. Cf. Lap givgas] : oven
kiulu [cf. Lap givlo] : pail
kiuru [from Bal. Cf. Lit cirulis] : nightingale
kiusa [from Gmc] : annoyance
kiusata [from kiusa. Cf. Lap givssidit] : annoy
kivääri [from Gmc. Cf. Swe gevär] : rifle
kivi [from PFU *kiwe. Cf. Est kivi, Kar kivi, Lap geadjgi, Hun kö] : stone
kohta [from PU *kopta. Cf. Est koht, Kar kohtu] : place, point
kohtu [from FPrm *kokte. Cf. Est koht (stomach), Lap goattu (womb)] : womb
koi [from PFU *koye. Cf. Est koi, Kar koj] : moth
koi [from PU *koye. Cf. Est koit, Hun hajnal] : dawn
koipi [from Proto-Nordic. Cf. Est koib] : leg
koira [from PU *koye. Cf. Est koer, Kar kojru, Hun here (testicle)] : dog
koiras [see koira] : male
koito [from Gmc] : wretched
koittaa [see koi] : dawn (v.)
koivu [from PU *koywa. Cf. Kar kojvu, Hun hajo (ship)] : birch
kokea [from PU *koke] : experience (v.)
kokka [from PFU *kokka] : bow (of ship)
kokki [from Gmc. Cf. Lap goahkka, Swe kock] : cook
koko [from FV *koke. Cf. Est kogu (all, whole)] : heap
kolea [from *koleda < *kole, from Gmc. Cf. Lap gallu, Swe kall] : cool
koljo [from PFU *kolya] : giant
kolli [from PFU *kole] : bobcat
kolme [from PFU *kolme. Cf. Est kolm, Kar kolme, Lap golbma, Hun harom] : three
kolo [from PFU *kole] : hollow
kolpakko [from Sla] : jug, chalice
komea [from *komeda < *kome] : stately
komero [from komo, from PFU *küme] : niche
koni [from Sla. Cf. Lap gone, Rus kon’] : nag
konsti [from Gmc. Cf. Lap goansta, Swe konst (art)] : trick
kontio [cf. Lap guovza] : bear
kontta [from PFU *konta] : numbness
kontti [from PFU *konte. Cf. Lap gonte] : bag
kopea [from *kopeda < *kope] : proud
kopista [from onomat. *kop-. Cf. Hun kopog] : knock
koppa [from PFU *koppa] : basket
koppelo [from PFU *kopa. Cf. Lap goahppil] : grouse-hen
korea [from *koreda < *kore] : bright, ornamental
korista [from onomat. *kor-. Cf. Hun korog (rumble)] : rattle
korkea [from *korkeda, from FV *korke. Cf. Est korge, Kar korgej] : high
korkki [from Gmc. Cf. Est kork, Lap gorka, Swe kork] : cork
korko [from korkea. Cf. Lap goargu (name)] : heel (of shoe)
korppi [from Gmc. Cf. Lap goarpa, Swe korp] : raven
korsi [cf. Est kors, Kar korzi] : stalk
kortteli [from Gmc. Cf. Lap goartil, Swe kvarter] : quarter; block
koukero [from koukko] : flourish
koukko [from *hoko, from Gmc] : hook
kortti [from Gmc. Cf. Lap goarta, Swe kort] : card
korva [from PFU *kore. Cf. Est korv, Kar korvu] : ear
korventaa [from PU *korpe. Cf. Lap guorbat, Hun hervad (wilt)] : scorch
koska [see kuin] : when, as
koskea [from FPrm *koske. Cf. Kar koskie, Lap guoskat] : touch, refer
koskelo [from FPrm *koske] : goosander
koski [from FPrm *koske. Cf. Est kosk, Lap guoika ’rapids’] : waterfall
kosolti [from PFU *kose] : amply
kostea [from *kosteda < *koste, see kaste] : wet
kosto [cf. Lap goastu] : revenge
kota [from PFU *kota. Cf. Est koda (chamber), Kar kodi (house), Lap goahti (tent), Hun haz (house)] : hut, tent
kotka [from FPrm *kocka. Cf. Est kotkas, Kar kotku, Lap goaskin] : eagle
kotkata [from FV *kocka] : bend back a nail
kotva [from FV *kodhwa. Cf. Kar kodvu] : while
koulu [from *skoulu, from Gmc. Cf. Est kool, Lap skuvla, Swe skola] : school
koura [from PFU *kopra] : fist
kova [cf. Est kova, Kar kova, Lap goavvi] : hard
köhiä [from onomat. *köh-. Cf. Est köhima, Kar köhkjuttiä, Hun köhög] : cough
köli [from Gmc. Cf. Lap gielas, Swe köl] : keel
köntys [cf. Lap goanzi] : clumsy man
köyhä [from *keüsä. Cf. Kar kjouhju, Lap geafi] : poor
köykky [from *keükü] : crooked
köynnös [from *keüntös] : wreath
köyry [from *keürü. Cf. Lap guvri] : crooked
köyri [from kekri] : cattle festival
köysi [from *keüti, from *käwdhe. Cf. Est köis] : rope
kranaatti [from *granati, from Gmc. Cf. Est granaat, Swe granat] : grenade
kreikka [from *greikka, from Gmc. Cf. Est kreeka, Swe grek] : Greek
kreivi [from *greivi, from Gmc. Cf. Est krahv, Swe greve] : count
kuin [from PFU. Cf. Est kui (when), kuidas (how), Kar kuj, Hun hogy] : as
kuinka [see kuin] : how
kuitu [from FPrm *kuyce. Cf. Est kiud] : fiber
kuiva [cf. Est kuiv, Kar kujvu, Lap goikkis] : dry
kuja [cf. Lap gudji] : opening
kuje [from PFU *kuya] : mischief
kuka [from PFU *ku. Cf. Est kes, Kar ken, Lap gii, Hun ki] : who
kukka [cf. Kar kukkajne] : flower
kukkea [from *kukkeda < *kukke, see kukka] : flowery
kukkaro [from *kukaro, from Gmc. Cf. Lap guhkkar, Swe kogar (quiver)] : bag, pouch
kukko [from Gmc. Cf. Est kukk, Kar kukki] : cock
kulkea [from PU *kulke. Cf. Est kulgema (pass), Lap golgat (flow), Hun halad] : proceed
kulkunen [cf. Lap golka] : bell
kulma [from PFU *kulma. Cf. Est kulm (brow)] : angle; forehead
kulta [from *gulda, from Gmc. Cf. Est kuld, Kar kuldu, Lap golli, Swe gul] : gold
kulua [from PFU *kule. Cf. Hun hull (fall)] : pass, wear out
kuluttaa [from kulua. Cf. Lap golahit] : spend, wear out
kumara [see kumota. Cf. Est kumer, Hun homoru] : concave
kumartaa [see kumota. Cf. Est kummarduma, Lap gopmirdit] : bend
kumea [from *kumeda < *kume] : dull, blunt
kumi [from *gumi, from Gmc. Cf. Lap gumme, Swe gummi] : rubber
kumista [from onomat. *kum-. Cf. Lap gopmat] : resound
kumma [from *kumba. Cf. Kar kummu, Lap gobmi] : miracle
kummuta [from *kumpa] : boil up
kumota [from PU *kuma. Cf. Est kummutama, Lap gomihit, Hun homoru (concave)] : overturn
kumpi [see kuka. Cf. Est kumb, Lap goabba] : which
kumpu [from PU *kumpa] : hill
kumpuilla [from PFU. Cf. Hun hab (foam)] : boil up
kun [from PFU *ku. Cf. Lap go] : when
kuningas [from Gmc *kuningaz. Cf. Est kuningas, Lap gonagas, Swe konung] : king
kunnia [see kunto. Cf. Lap gudni] : honor
kunta [from PU *kunta. Cf. Lap goddi (team), Hun had (army)] : commune
kunto [from PFU *kunce. Cf. Lap gudda (benefit)] : honor, order
kuokka [from FPrm *kokka, from *koka, from Gmc. Cf. Lap guohkki (fork), Got hoha (plough)] : hoe
kuolla [from PU *kola. Cf. Kar kuolla] : die
kuoma [from Sla. Cf. Rus kum] : godfather
kuomu [from *koomu] : cover, covered sled
kuono [from FV. Cf. Est koon] : snout
kuoppa [cf. Est koobas (cave), Kar kuoppu (pit), Lap gohpi] : pit
kuore [from PFU *kore] : a type of salmon
kuori [from FV *kore. Cf. Est koor, Kar kuori] : bark
kuorma [cf. Est koorem, Lap guorbmi] : load
kupari [from Gmc. Cf. Swe koppar] : copper
kupata [from Gmc. Cf. Lap guhpet] : cup
kupla [from PFU *kupla] : bubble, blister
kuppi [from Gmc. Cf. Lap gohppa, Swe kopp] : cup
kupu [from *hubu, from Gmc. Cf. Swe kupa, huv] : lid, dome
kure [from PU *kure] : wrinkle, fold
kuri [see kuru] : discipline
kurikka [see kuru] : cudgel
kurista [from onomat. *kur-. Cf. Kar kurista] : rumble
kurittaa [see kuri. Cf. Lap gurehit] : punish
kurki [from PFU *kurke, from PU *karke. Cf. Est kurg, Kar kurgi, Lap guorga] : crane
kurkku [from FV *kurke. Cf. Est kurk] : throat
kurkku [from Gmc. Cf. Est kurk, Lap gurka, Swe gurka] : gherkin
kuroa [see kure. Cf. Lap gorrat] : wrinkle
kurppa [from FV *kurma] : snipe
kuru [from PFU *kure. Cf. Lap gurra] : ravine
kusi [from PU *kunce. Cf. Est kusi, Lap guzza, Hun hugy] : urine
kusiainen [from kusi. Cf. Kar kuziehane, Hun hangya] : ant
kustannus [from Gmc. Cf. Lap goasttadus, Swe kostnad] : cost
kutea [from PFU *kudhe. Cf. Est kudema] : spawn
kutista [from descr. *kut-] : itch
kutoa [from FPrm *kudha. Cf. Est kuduma, Kar kuduo, Lap goddjit] : weave
kutri [from Sla. Cf. Rus kudri] : curl
kutsua [from PFU *kuce. Cf. Est kutsuma, Kar kuchhuo] : call, invite
kutu [see kutea. Cf. Est kudu, Kar kudu, Lap goddju] : spawn, frog roe
kuu [from PU *kunge. Cf. Est kuu, Kar kuu, Hun hold] : moon
kuulla [from PU *kule. Cf. Est kuulma, Kar kuulla, Lap gullat, Hun hall] : hear
kuuma [from FV *kuma. Cf. Est kuum, Lap gumis] : hot
kuura [from PU *kura] : hoar
kuuro [from Bal. Cf. Est kurt, Lit kurcias] : deaf
kuusama [from FPrm *kusa. Cf. Est kuslapuu] : honeysuckle
kuusi [from PFU *kutte. Cf. Est kuus, Kar kuuzi, Lap guhtta, Hun hat] : six
kuusi [from PU *kuse. Cf. Est kuusk, Lap guossa] : pine, fir
kuva [from *skuwan, from Gmc. Cf. Lap govva] : picture
kuve [from *hupe, from Gmc. Cf. Got hups (hip)] : loin, waist
kylä [from PFU *kilä. Cf. Est küla, Kar kjulja, Lap gilli] : village
kylki [from Pre-Nordic. Cf. Est külg, Kar kjulgi, Lap gilga] : side
kyllä [cf. Est küllap] : yes
kylmä [from FPrm *kilmä. Cf. Est külm, Kar kjulmju, Lap galbma] : cold
kylvää [cf. Est külvama, Lap gilvit] : sow
kymmenen [from *kümbe, from FV *küme. Cf. Est kümme, Kar kjummene] : ten
kynä [from FPrm *kinä] : feather
kynnys [from FV *kince. Cf. Est künnis] : threshold
kynsi [from PU *kince. Cf. Est küüs, Kar kjunzi, Lap gazza] : nail
kyntää [from FV *kincä. Cf. Est kündma] : plough, cultivate
kynttilä [from Gmc. Cf. Est küünal, Lap ginttal] : candle
kyökki [from Gmc. Cf. Est köök, Lap gievkkan, Swe kök] : kitchen
kypäri [from Bal. Cf. Est kübar (hat), Lap gahpir (cap)] : helmet
kypsä [from FPrm *kipse. Cf. Est küps, Lap givssas] : ripe
kysyä [from FV *küse. Cf. Est küsima, Lap gahcat] : ask
kyteä [from FV *kice] : burn, glow
kytkeä [from PFU *kitke. Cf. Kar kuduo, Lap gietkkus (rope), Hun köt (tie)] : tie
kyty [from PFU *kidhe] : brother-in-law
kyy [from PU *kiye. Cf. Hun kigyo (snake)] : viper
kyykky [from descr. *kük-. Cf. Hun guggol (to squat)] : squat
kyynärä [from PU *kinyä. Cf. Est küünar-, Kar küinja (elbow), Lap gaigngir, Hun könyök] : ell
kyynärpää [from kyynärä and pää] : elbow
kyynel [from PFU *kinye. Cf. Kar kjuunel, Lap ganjal, Hun könny] : tear
kyyti [cf. Lap giksa] : transport
L
laaja [cf. Est lai] : wide
laaka [from *plaka] : plate
laakea [from *lakeda < *lake] : wide
laakso [from FV *lakce] : valley
laari [from Gmc. Cf. Swe laar] : case, box
laastari [from *plastari, from Gmc. Cf. Est plaaster, Lap laster, Swe plaaster] : plaster (med.)
laatia [from Sla. Cf. Rus ladit’ (tune)] : make
laatta [from *platta, from Gmc. Cf. Est plaat, Swe platta] : plate
laatu [from Sla. Cf. Kar luadu] : quality
ladata [from Gmc. Cf. Est laadima, Swe ladda] : load, charge
lahja [cf. Kar lahju] : gift, present
lahna [cf. Kar lahnu] : bream
laho [cf. Kar lahota (to rot), Lap laffu] : rot
lahti [from PFU *lakte. Cf. Est laht, Kar lahti, Lap luokta] : bay
laiha [from Bal] : thin, emaciated
laina [from Gmc. Cf. Est laen, Lap loatna, Swe laan] : loan
laine [cf. Est laine] : wave
laiska [from Bal. Cf. Est laisk, Lap laiki] : lazy
laita [from Gmc] : side, rim; direction
laiva [from PFU *laywa. Cf. Est laev, Lit laivas] : ship
laji [from *slaji, from Gmc. Cf. Lap slaja, Swe slag] : sort
lakana [from Gmc. Cf. Lap lahkan, Swe lakan] : sheet (for bed)
laki [from Gmc. Cf. Lap lahka, Swe lag] : law
lakka [from PFU *lakka] : eaves
lama [from FPrm *lama. Cf. Est lame (flat), Lap lapmi (weakness of birds)] : bad mood, depression
lammas [from *lambas, from Gmc. Cf. Est lammas, Kar lammas, Swe lamm (lamb)] : sheep
lampi [from PU *lampe. Cf. Kar lambi (lake), Hun lap (bog)] : pool
langeta [cf. Est langema, Kar langeta] : fall
lanko [from *lango, from Gmc] : brother-in-law
lanne [from *lande, from Gmc. Cf. Swe länd] : loin
lanttu [from *plantu, from Gmc. Cf. Swe planta (plant)] : kohlrabi, rutabaga
lapa [from PU *lapa. Cf. Est laba, Kar laba] : paddle
lapio [from PFU *lape. Cf. Est labidas] : shovel
lappea [from *lappeda, from PU *lappa. Cf. Hun lapos] : flat
lappu [from Gmc. Cf. Swe lapp] : rag, piece of paper
lapsi [cf. Est laps, Kar lapsi] : child
lasi [from *glasi, from Gmc. Cf. Est klaas, Lap lassa, Swe glas] : glass
laskea [from PFU *lacke. Cf. Est laskma, Kar laskie] : let
lasta [from Gmc] : lath
lasti [from Gmc. Cf. Est last, Swe last] : load
lato [cf. Lap lahtu] : barn
lattea [from *lapteda, from PU *lapta] : flat
lattia [from *flatja, from Gmc. Cf. Lap lahtti] : floor
latu [from FPrm *ladhe. Cf. Lap lahttu] : ski track
lauantai [from Gmc. Cf. Est laupäev, Lap lavvardat, Swe lördag] : Saturday
lauhkea [from *lavkeda < *lavke, from FV *lawca] : mild
laukata [from Gmc. Cf. Lap lavket (step)] : gallop
laukka [from Gmc. Cf. Lap lavgu (bath)] : brine
laukka [from Gmc. Cf. Est lauk, Kar laukku, Lap lavki, Swe lök] : leek, onion
laukku [from Gmc. Cf. Lap lavka] : bag
laulaa [cf. Est laulma, Kar laulua, Lap lavlut] : sing
laupias [from *glaubias, from Gmc] : pious
lausua [cf. Est lausuma] : say
lauta [from PFU *latta. Cf. Est laud (table), Kar laudu (board), Lap lavdi] : board
lautta [from *flautta, from Gmc. Cf. Lap lahtta, Swe flotte] : raft
lava [from Sla. Cf. Est lava, Rus lavica (bench)] : platform, stage; bench
lavea [from *laveda < *lave, see laaja] : wide
lääkäri [from Gmc. Cf. Swe läkare] : physician
lääke [from Gmc. Cf. Swe läka (heal)] : medicine
lääni [from Gmc. Cf. Swe län] : district
läävä [from Sla. Cf. Rus hlev] : cow-shed
lähde [see lähteä] : source
lähettää [cf. Est lähetama, Kar ljahettiä] : send
lähi [from PF *läse. Cf. Est lähedane, Kar ljahjajne, Lap lahka] : near
lähteä [from PFU *läkte. Cf. Est lahkuma] : depart
läikkä [from *fläkä, from Gmc. Cf. Est laik, Swe fläck] : stain, spot
läjä [cf. Lap leadji] : heap
läkähtyä [from FV *läkkä] : drown
läksy [from Gmc. Cf. Swe lektion] : lesson
lämmin [from FV *lämpe. Cf. Kar ljammin] : warm
länsi [cf. Est lääs] : west
läpi [cf. Est läbi (through)] : hole
lehmä [from FV *lesmä. Cf. Est lehm, Kar lehmju] : cow
lehmus [from FV *leme. Cf. Est löhmus] : linden
lehti [from FV *leste. Cf. Est leht, Kar lehti, Lap lasta] : leaf
leikata [from PU *lekka. Cf. Est loikama, Kar lejkata, Hun lek (leak)] : cut
leikkiä [from Gmc. Cf. Swe leka] : play
leima [from Sla] : seal, stamp
leipä [from Gmc. Cf. Est leib, Kar lejbju, Lap laibi, Ger Laib (loaf)] : bread
leiri [from Gmc. Cf. Est leer, Swe läger] : camp
leninki [from *klening, from Gmc. Cf. Swe klänning] : dress
lentää [from Sla. Cf. Est lendama, Kar lendiä, Rus letat’] : fly
lepo [from leppeä. Cf. Lap leahpu] : rest
leppä [from FV *leppä, from Bal. Cf. Est lepp, Kar leppju, Lap leaibi, Lit liepa (linden)] : alder
leppeä [from *leppedä, from PFU *leppe] : mild, quiet
leseet [from PFU *lese. Cf. Hun liszt (flour)] : bran
leski [cf. Est lesk, Kar leski, Lap leaska] : widow
lesti [from Gmc. Cf. Swe läst] : last
letti [from Sla] : bun of hair
leuka [from Pre-Nordic. Cf. Est loug, Kar leugu] : chin
leuvonen [from leuvo, from *laiwi-, from Gmc. Cf. Swe lärka] : lark
levätä [from leppeä] : rest
leveä [from *levedä < *leve. Cf. Kar levej] : wide
levy [from PFU. Cf. Hun level (leaf; letter)] : plate
liatä [from *lika-. See likainen] : soil
lieju [cf. Kar lieju] : mud
liekki [cf. Est leek, Kar liekki] : flame
liemi [from PFU *leme. Cf. Est leem, Kar liemi, Lap liepma, Hun leves] : soup
lienee [from PFU *le. Cf. Lap leat (be), Hun lesz (become)] : maybe
lievä [from Gmc] : slight
liha [from Pre-Nordic. Cf. Est liha, Kar liha] : meat
liika [from Bal] : too big
liikkua [from PFU *likke. Cf. Est liigutama, Kar lijkuo, Lap lihkadit] : move
liima [from Gmc. Cf. Lap liibma, Swe lim] : glue
liina [from Gmc. Cf. Lap liidni, Swe linne] : linen
liiste [from Gmc. Cf. Est liist, Swe list] : lath
liitto [cf. Lap lihttu] : union
liivi [cf. Lap liiva] : vest
lika [cf. Kar liga] : dirt
lima [from *slima, from Gmc. Cf. Swe slem] : slime, snot
linkku [from *klinkku, from Gmc. Cf. Swe klinka] : door-handle
linko [from *slingo, from Gmc] : sling
linna [from FPrm *lidna. Cf. Est linn (city), Kar linnu, Lap ladni] : fort, castle
linssi [from Gmc] : lens
lintu [from PFU *linta. Cf. Est lind, Kar lindu, Lap loddi, Hun lud (goose)] : bird
lipakka [from *slipa-, from Gmc] : slippery
lippi [from FV *lippe] : bowl
lippu [from Bal. Cf. Est lipp, Kar kirppu, Ltv lipa] : flag
liristä [from onomat. *lir-] : gurgle
lisä [from FV *lisä. Cf. Est lisa, Lap lassi (more)] : growth, supplement
litteä [from *lipteda < *lipte, see lattea] : flat
liuta [from Gmc. Cf. Ger Leute (people)] : crowd
lohi [from PF *losis, from Bal. Cf. Est lohe, Kar lohi, Lit lasis] : salmon
loimi [from FV *longe] : saddle cover
loma [from FV *loma. Cf. Lap loapmi] : gap
lonkka [from *flonka, from Gmc. Cf. Swe flank] : hip
loppu [cf. Est lopp, Kar loppu, Lap loahppa] : end
lorista [from onomat. *lor-] : babble
lossi [from *flossi, from Gmc] : ferry
lotja [from *flotja, from Gmc or *lodja, from Sla] : barge, sloop
loukas [see loukko. Cf. Est loks] : trap
loukko [from PU *lowkke. Cf. Kar loukko, Hun lyuk (hole)] : pit, hollow
louna [from FPrm *lowna. Cf. Est louna (south)] : noon
löyhä [from *leüsä, from Gmc. Cf. Lap leavgit (spread)] : loose
löyly [from *leülü, from PFU *lebhle. Cf. Kar ljoulju, Lap lievla, Hun lelek (soul)] : steam
löytää [from *leütä-, from PFU *lewdhä. Cf. Est leidma, Kar ljoüdiä, Hun lel] : find
luhistaa [from FV *lusa] : shatter
luhta [from *lukta, from *luksta, from Bal. Cf. Est luht, Lit lukstas] : meadow
luhti [from *lufti, from Gmc. Cf. Swe loft] : loft
lukea [from PU *luke. Cf. Est lugema, Kar luge-, Lap lohkat, Hun olvas] : read
lukkari [from *klukkari, from Gmc. Cf. Swe klockare] : sexton
lukko [from Gmc. Cf. Est lukk, Lap lohkka] : lock
lumi [from PFU *lume. Cf. Est lumi, Kar lumi] : snow
lumo [from FV *luma] : magic
lunastaa [from Gmc *luna. Cf. Est lunastama, Lap lonuhit (change)] : redeem, bail out
luoda [from PFU *longe. Cf. Est looma (create), Hun log (hang)] : throw; create
luode [from *fluode or *pluode, from Gmc or Bal. Cf. Swe flod (flood), Ltv pludi] : ebb; north-west
luokka [cf. Lap luohkka] : class
luomi [cf. Lap luopma] : eyelid
luonto [from luoda. Cf. Est loodus, Lap luondu] : nature
luopua [cf. Est loobuma, Lap luohpat (leave)] : renounce
luostari [from *kluostari, from Gmc. Cf. Est klooster, Lap kloasttar, Swe kloster] : cloister
luoti [from Gmc. Cf. Est lood, Lap luoddja, Cf. Swe lod] : lead; bullet
luoto [from *fluoto, from Gmc] : rock in sea
luottaa [cf. Lap luohttit] : trust
luova [from luoda. Cf. Lap luovvi] : creator
lupa [from Gmc. Cf. Est luba, Lap lohpi, Swe lov] : permit
lusikka [from Sla. Cf. Est lusikas, Kar luzikku, Rus lozhka] : spoon
luu [from PU *luwe. Cf. Est luu, Kar luu, Hun lab (leg)] : bone
luumu [from *plumu, from Gmc. Cf. Est ploom, Swe plommon] : plum
luuta [from *sluuta, from Bal. Cf. Est luud, Lap luvda, Lit sluota] : broom
lyhyt [cf. Est lühike, Kar ljuhjut] : short
lyijy [from *bly-, from Gmc. Cf. Est plii, Lap ladju, Swe bly] : lead
lykätä [from PFU *likkä. Cf. Est lükkama, Kar ljukkie (throw), Hun lök (push)] : shove
lymytä [cf. Lap labmat] : hide
lyödä [from PFU *lewe. Cf. Est lööma, Kar ljuvvja, Hun lö (shoot)] : hit
lypsää [from FV *lüpsä. Cf. Est lüpsma, Kar ljupsiä] : milk
lysti [from Gmc. Cf. Lap lustu, Swe lust] : enjoyment
M
maa [from PU *maghe. Cf. Est maa, Kar mua] : earth
maailma [from maa and ilma. Cf. Est maailm, Kar muailmu, Lap mailbmi] : world
maalata [from Gmc. Cf. Est maalima, Lap malet, Swe maala] : paint
maali [from Gmc. Cf. Swe maal] : goal
maanantai [from Gmc. Cf. Lap mannodat, Swe maandag] : Monday
maata [from *mak-. Cf. Kar muata] : lie down
madella [from mato] : creep
maha [from PF *maga, from Gmc. Cf. Est magu, Swe mage] : stomach
mahla [from PF *masla or *mälsä. Cf. Est mahl] : sap, juice
mahtaa [from PFU *masta. Cf. Lap mahttit] : be able
mahti [from Gmc. Cf. Swe makt] : might
mainita [from Gmc. Cf. Est mainita, Lap mainnasit] : mention
mairea [from *maireda < *maire] : sweet, nice
maissi [from Gmc. Cf. Est mais, Lap maisa] : maize
maistaa [cf. Est maitsma, Lap muosahit] : taste
maiti [from FPrm *maydhe] : fish-milk
maito [from maiti. Cf. Kar majdo] : milk
maja [from Bal. Cf. Est maja (house), Ltv maja] : hut
majakka [from Sla. Cf. Rus majak] : lighthouse
majava [from FPrm *maya. Cf. Kar majaj, Lap madjit] : beaver
makea [from *smakeda < *smake, see maku. Cf. Est mage, Kar magej] : sweet
maksa [from PU *maksa. Cf. Est maks, Kar maksu, Hun maj] : liver
maksaa [from Bal. Cf. Est maksma, Lap maksit, Ltv maksat] : cost, pay
maku [from PF *smaku, from Gmc. Cf. Lap smahkka, Swe smak] : taste
makuu [from *mak-] : lying down, rest
mallas [from PF *maltas, from Gmc. Cf. Swe malt] : malt
malli [cf. Lap malle] : model
malmi [from Gmc. Cf. Lap malbma, Swe malm] : ore
manata [from PU *müne. Cf. Hun mond (say)] : conjure, curse
manner [see mantu] : land
mantu [cf. Lap matta] : bottom
marhaminta [from *marhamuntha, from Gmc] :
marista [from onomat. *mar-] : whine
marja [from FV *marya. Cf. Est mari, Lap muorji] : berry
marras [from *martas, from FPrm *marta] : dead
masto [from Gmc. Cf. Est mast, Swe mast] : mast
masuuni [from Gmc. Cf. Swe masugn] : smelter furnace
matala [from mato. Cf. Est madal, Kar madal. For meaning change, cf. Rus zmeja (snake) and zemlja (earth), and Ltv zeme (earth) and zems (low)] : low
matka [cf. Est matk, Lap muotki] : voyage
mato [from Gmc. Cf. Est madu (snake), Kar madojne (worm), Lap mahtu (earthworm), Ger Made (maggot)] : worm
matruusi [from Gmc. Cf. Est madrus, Swe matros] : sailor
matto [from Gmc. Cf. Swe matta] : mat, rug
määrä [from Sla. Cf. Est määr, Lap mearri, Rus mera] : measure, amount
määrätä [see määrä. Cf. Est määrama] : determine
mäkärä [cf. Lap muogir] : gnat
mäki [from PF *mäki, from PFU *mäke. Cf. Est mägi (mountain), Kar mjagi (hill)] : hill
mälhä [from *mälsä. See mahla] : sap
mäntä [from Bal. Cf. Lap meandi] : piston
mänty [cf. Est mänd] : pine
märehtiä [from FPrm *märe. Cf. Est mäletsema, Lap smirezit] : ruminate
märkä [from Bal. Cf. Est märg, Kar mjargju] : moist; pus
märssy [from Gmc. Cf. Swe märs] : top, crow’s nest (on ships)
mäski [from Gmc. Cf. Swe mäsk] : mash (of grapes)
mätä [cf. Est mädanema (rot)] : rotten
mätäs [from PU *mäkte] : mossy knoll
mäti [see maiti. Cf. Lap meaddjen] : roe of fish
mättää [from Sla. Cf. Rus metat’] : throw
mäyrä [from *mäwrä, from *mäkrä. Cf. Est mäger] : badger
mäystin [from *mäwstin] : strap (on ski boot)
me [from PFU *me, from PU *mü. Cf. Est me, Kar mjuö, Lap mii, Hun mi] : we
mehiläinen [from PFU *mekse. Cf. Est mesilane, Kar mehiljane, Hun meh] : bee
meinata [from Gmc. Cf. Swe mena] : mean, intend
meisseli [from Gmc. Cf. Swe mejsel] : chisel
meklari [from Gmc. Cf. Swe mäklare] : broker, dealer
mela [from FPrm *melä. Cf. Est mola, Kar mela, Lap mealli] : paddle
melto [from *smelto, from Gmc] : soft
mennä [from PU *mene. Cf. Est minema, Kar mennä, Lap mannat, Hun megy] : go
menota [cf. Lap meannudit] : behave
meri [from Gmc or Bal. Cf. Est meri, Lap mearra, Ger Meer] : sea
merkki [from Gmc. Cf. Est märk, Lap mearka, Swe märke] : sign
merta [from Gmc] : fish-basket
mesi [from PFU *mete. Cf. Est mesi, Kar mezi, Lap miehta, Hun mez] : honey
messinki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe mässing] : brass
messu [from Gmc. Cf. Est missa, Lap meassu, Swe mässa] : mass (rel.)
metsä [from PFU *mecä. Cf. Est mets, Kar mecchju, Lap meahcci, Hun messze (far)] : forest
metso [from PFU *mence. Cf. Est metsis] : buzzard
miekka [from Gmc. Cf. Est möök, Kar mjuäccju, Lap miehkki, Got mekeis] : sword
mieli [from FPrm *mele. Cf. Est meel, Kar mieli, Lap miella] : sense
miero [from Sla. Cf. Rus mir] : world
mies [cf. Est mees, Kar mies] : man
miettiä [from Sla] : meditate
mikä [from PU *me. Cf. Est mis, Kar mi, Lap mii, Hun mi] : what
minä [see me. Cf. Est mina, Kar minä, Hun en] : I
miniä [from PU *minyä. Cf. Est minia, Kar minnja, Hun meny] : daughter-in-law
mitä [see mikä] : what
mitata [from Gmc. Cf. Kar mitata, Lap mihtidit, Swe mäta] : measure
mitta [from Gmc. Cf. Lap mihttu, Swe maatt] : measure
mittari [from Gmc. Cf. Lap mihttar, Swe mätare] : meter
molemmat [from *molemba-. Cf. Est molemad, Kar mollej] : both
moni [from PFU *mone. Cf. Est moni-, Kar moni (many), Hun -van (in hatvan, sixty)] : some
morsian [from *mortian, from Bal. Cf. Lap moarsi, Lit marti, OPru martin] : bride
möhkäle [see muhkura] : hulk, pile
mökistä [from onomat. *mök-] : murmur
mölistä [from onomat. *möl-. Cf. Lap muoladit] : bellow
möristä [from onomat. *mör-. Cf. Est mürisema (thunder), Hun morog (growl)] : growl
möyheä [from *meüsedä < *meüse] : loose
möyriä [from *meüri-] : root up; howl
muhkura [from FV *muska] : bulb
muistaa [from PFU *muya. Cf. Est moistma (understand), Kar mustua (remember), Lap muitit, Hun mutat (show)] : remember
mukaan [from PF *muka] : along, with
muki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe mugg] : mug
mukula [from FPrm *muke. Cf. Est mugul] : bulb
mulkoilla [cf. Lap mulgut] : glare, frown
multa [from Gmc. Cf. Est muld, Lap muolda, Swe mull] : mold, soil
muna [from PU *muna. Cf. Est muna, Lap monni, Hun mogyoro (hazel)] : egg
munkki [from Gmc. Cf. Est munk, Swe munk] : monk
muokata [from Sla] : work on
muoti [from Gmc. Cf. Swe mod] : fashion
muoto [from Gmc. Cf. ON mot] : form
murea [from *mureda < *mure, see muru] : brittle
murha [from *murda, from Gmc. Cf. Est morv, Swe mord] : murder
murhe [from *murse. Cf. Est mure, Lap moras] : grief
mursu [cf. Lap morsa] : sea lion
murtaa [from muru. Cf. Est murdma, Kar murendua, Har mar (bite)] : break
muru [from PU *mura. Cf. Lap morri, Hun morzsa] : crumb
musta [from Pre-Nordic. Cf. Est must, Kar mustu] : black
muta [from FV *mudha, from Gmc. Cf. Est muda, Kar muda, Lap mohti] : mud
mutka [from PU *mucka. Cf. Lap mohkki] : bend
mutta [cf. Lap muhto] : but
muu [from PFU *mu. Cf. Est muu, Hun mas] : other
muurahainen [from Gmc or Rus. Cf. Swe myra, Rus muravej] : ant
muurain [from PU *mura. Cf. Est murakas] : blackberry
muuri [from Gmc. Cf. Lap muvra, Swe mur] : wall
muutama [cf. Lap muhtin] : a few
muuttaa [from muu. Cf. Lap muhttit] : change, relocate
muuten [from muu. Cf. Lap mudjui] : otherwise
mylläri [from Gmc. Cf. Ger Müller] : miller
mylly [from Gmc. Cf. Lap millo, Ger Mühle] : mill
myntti [from Gmc. Cf. Est münt, Swe mynt] : coin
myöhä [from PFU *mingä. Cf. Kar mjuöhjajne, Lap mangga, Hun mögött (behind)] : late
myös [see myöhä. Cf. Hun meg (and)] : also
myötä [cf. Lap miedjis] : willing
myrkky [from PFU *mirkke. Cf. Est mürk, Lap mirkko, Hun mereg] : poison
myssy [from Gmc. Cf. Swe mössa] : cap
myydä [from PU *mighe. Cf. Est müüma, Kar mjuvvja] : sell
myyrä [cf. Kar mjugrju] : vole, mole
N
naa [from PFU *na. Cf. Hun nala (at him)] : this
naapuri [from Gmc. Cf. Est naaber, Swe nabo] : neighbor
naatti [from Sla] : beet leaves
naava [from *nagwa, from Gmc] : beard lichen
nahka [from nahkea. Cf. Est nahk, Kar nahku, Lap nahkki] : skin
nahkea [from *naskeda < *naske, from Gmc. Cf. Ger nass] : moist
nainen [from nai-, from PFU *naye. Cf. Est naine, Kar naine] : woman
naittaa [from nai-. Cf. Est naitma, Lap naitit] : marry off
nalja [from FV *nalya. Cf. Est nali] : joke
napa [from Gmc or Bal. Cf. Est naba, Kar njaba, Swe nav (hub)] : navel
napata [from *(s)napa-, from Gmc. Cf. Swe snappa and nappa] : catch, snap
nappi [from *knappi, from Gmc. Cf. Est nööp, Swe knapp] : button
narri [from Gmc. Cf. Swe narr] : clown
naula [from *nagla, from Gmc. Cf. Lap navli, Swe nagel] : nail (tool)
nauraa [from *nagra-. Cf. Est naerma, Kar nagrua] : laugh
nauris [from *nakris, from PFU *näkre. Cf. Est naeris, Lap navrras] : beet
nauta [from Bal or Gmc. Cf. Lit nauda, Swe nöt] : cattle
nauttia [from Gmc. Cf. Est nautima, Lap navddasit, Swe njuta] : enjoy
navetta [cf. Lap navet] : cowshed
näärästää [from FPrm *nyärä] : heartache
nähdä [from *näkdhä, from PFU *näke. Cf. Est nägema, Kar nähtä, Lap niegadit, Hun nez] : look
näivä [from Bal] : shrunken
näkö [from nähdä. Cf. Est nägu, Kar njagö] : face
nälkä [cf. Est nälg, Kar njalgju, Lap nelg-] : hunger
nämä [see ne] : those
näpistää [cf. Est näpistama, Kar njapistellja] : pinch
näpsä [from *näpe] : nimble
näreä [from *näredä < *näre] : gruff
näyttää [from *näwt-, from *näkyt-, see nähdä. Cf. Est näitama] : show
ne [from PU *nä. Cf. Est nemad (they), Hun ne (do not), neki (to him)] : those
neito [from PU *neydhe. Cf. Est neitsi, Lap nieida] : virgin
neljä [from PFU *nyeljä. Cf. Est neli, Kar nelli, Lap njeallje, Hun negy] : four
nenä [cf. Est nina, Kar nenä, Lap njunni] : nose
neula [from *nethla, from Gmc. Cf. Est noel, Kar nieglu, Lap nallu, Swe naal, Ger Nadel] : needle
neuvo [cf. Est nou, Kar nevvo] : advice
niellä [from PU *nyele. Cf. Est neelama, Lap njiellat, Hun nyel] : swallow
niemi [from Pre-Nordic. Cf. Est neem, Kar niemi] : cape
niin [cf. Est nii, Lap na, nu] : so
niini [from FPrm *nine] : bark (of linden tree)
niisi [from Ba] : heddle
niistää [from FV *nistä] : clean, wipe (the nose)
niitata [from Gmc. Cf. Swe nita] : rivet
niitto [from *sniitto, from Gmc. Cf. Kar nijttäj (mow grass)] : cutting, mowing (grass)
niitty [see niitto. Cf. Lap niitu] : meadow
nila [from PFU *nyila, from PU *nyüle] : sap
nimi [from PU *nime. Cf. Est nimi, Kar nimi, Lap namma, Hun nev] : name
niska [from PFU *ningskä. Cf. Lap niski] : nape
nitoa [from FV *nyidha] : join
noita [from PFU *noyta. Cf. Est noid] : witch
noitua [from noita. Cf. Lap noidosit] : enchant
noki [cf. Est nogi, Kar nogi] : soot
nokka [cf. Est nokk, Kar njuokku] : beak
nokkonen [cf. Est noges] : nettle
nolki [from PFU *nyolke. Cf. Kar njolgi, Lap snuolga (snot), Hun nyal (saliva)] : saliva
nolo [from FV *nole] : confused
nopea [from *nopeda < *nope. Cf. Est nobe] : fast
norea [from *noreda < *nore, from FV *norya. Cf. Lap njuoras (soft)] : lithe
noro [from PU *nyore. Cf. Hun nyar (poplar)] : stream
norsu [from mursu (walrus) and Rus nosorog (rhinoceros)] : elephant
nostattaa [cf. Lap noastit] : lift
notkea [from *notkeda < *notke, from FV *nyocka. Cf. Est notke] : supple
noutaa [from FPrm *nowta, from PU *nyongda. Cf. Est noudma (claim)] : carry
nöyhtä [from *neüstä] : dust, fluff
nöyrä [from *nedhrä, from Gmc. Cf. Swe nedre (lower)] : humble, lowly
nuija [from *nuhja < *nusja, from FPrm *nusya. Cf. Est nui] : club, mace
nukkua [cf. Lap nohkkat] : fall asleep
nummi [from Proto-Nordic. Cf. Est nomm (moor)] : meadow
nuo [from PU *no] : those
nuoli [from PU *nyele. Cf. Est nool, Lap njuolla, Hun nyil] : arrow
nuolla [from PU *nyole. Cf. Est noolima, Kar nuolla, Lap njolodit, Hun nyal] : lick
nuopea [from FP *noopeda < *noope] : languid
nuora [from *snuora, from Gmc. Cf. Est nöör, Kar nuoru, Swe snöre] : cord
nuori [from PF *noori. Cf. Est noor, Kar nuori, Lap nuorra] : young
nuoska [cf. Lap njuoska] : wet
nuotta [from Gmc. Cf. Lap nuohtti, Swe not] : seine
nuotti [from Gmc. Cf. Lap nuohtta, Swe not] : sheet music
nupi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe nubb] : hobnail
nuppi [from *knuppi, from Gmc. Cf. Est nupp, Lap nabba, Swe knopp] : button
nuppu [from nuppi] : bud
nurista [from onomat. *nur-. Cf. Est nurisema (complain)] : grumble
nurkka [cf. Est nurk, Lap nurki] : corner
nurmi [from PFU *nyure. Cf. Est nurm, Kar nurmi] : field
nuuska [from FV *nuska. Cf. Est nuuskama (wipe nose)] : snuff
nyde [from PFU *mice] : support
nyhtää [from FV *nyüktä] : weed out
nykiä [from PU *nyike. Cf. Hun nyü (wear down)] : tear apart
nyöri [see nuora] : cord
nyrpeä [from *nürpedä < *nürpe] : gruff
nyt [from *nykt, from FPrm *nike. Cf. Est nüüd] : now
O
oas [from *okas. Cf. Est okas] : thorn
odottaa [from PU *oca. Cf. Est ootama, Kar vuottua] : wait
ohra [from *os(t)ra, from Bal. Cf. Est oder, Kar ozru, Lit astrus] : barley
ohut [cf. Est ohuke] : thin
oikea [from *voykeda, from FV *woyke. Cf. Est oige, Kar ojgej, Lap vuoigat (justice)] : right
oinas [from Bal. Cf. Est oinas] : ram
oiva [from PU *oywa. Cf. Lap oaivi (head)] : brave
oivaltaa [from PFU *oywa] : grasp
oja [cf. Est oja (stream), Kar oja (ditch)] : ditch
oksa [from FV *oksa. Cf. Est oks, Kar oksu, Lap oaksi] : branch
oksentaa [from FPrm *oksa. Cf. Est oksendama, Lap vuoksit] : vomit
olka [from PFU *wolka. Cf. Est olg, Kar olgu, Lap oalgi, Hun vall] : shoulder
olkapää [from olka and pää] : shoulder
olki [from FV *olke. Cf. Est olg, Kar olgi, Lap oalga] : straw
olla [from PFU *wole. Cf. Est olema, Kar olla, Hun vagy (are)] : be
olut [from Gmc or Bal. Cf. Est olu, Lap vuolla, Swe öl, Lit alus] : beer
oma [from FPrm *oma. Cf. Est oma, Kar oma, Lap oami] : own
omena [from FV *ome. Cf. Est oun] : apple
ommella [from *ompe. Cf. Est omblema, Kar ommella] : sew
on [see olla. Cf. Est on, Kar on, Hun van] : is
onkalo [from PFU *wongke] : cave, hollow
onki [from FV *ongke. Cf. Est ong, Kar ongi, Lap oaggu, vuogga] : fish-hook
onni [cf. Est onn, Lap vuodna] : luck
ontto [from PFU *ongte. Cf. Est oonsus, Kar onzi, Lap vuovda, Hun odu] : hollow
oppia [from PFU *oppe. Cf. Est oppima, Kar opastuo (teach), Lap oahppat (learn)] : learn
ora [from PFU. Cf. Hun ar (awl)] : stake
orava [from PU *ora. Cf. Est orav, Kar orau, Lap oarri] : squirrel
orhi [from PF *uri, see uros. Or from *urus, from Gmc. Cf. Ger Auer (buffalo)] : stallion
orja [from FPrm *orya. Cf. Est ori] : slave
orpana [from FV *orpa. Cf. Lap oarben] : cousin
orpo [from PFU *orpa. Cf. Est orb, Kar orbo, Lap oarbbis, Hun arva] : orphan
orsi [from Bal] : beam
osa [from PFU *oca. Cf. Est osa, Kar oza (luck), Lap oassi (part), Hun oszt (divide)] : part
ostaa [from PFU *wosa. Cf. Est ostma, Kar ostua, Lap oastit, Swe vara (ware)] : buy
ota [cf. Est oda (spear)] : sting
otava [from PU *woca] : Great Bear
otsa [from PFU *onca. Cf. Est ots (extremity)] : forehead
otso [see otava] : bear
ottaa [from PFU *wotta. Cf. Est votma] : take
ovi [from PU *owe. Cf. Kar ovi] : door
öinen [see yö] : nocturnal
öljy [from Gmc. Cf. Est oli, Swe olja] : oil
öristä [from onomat. *ör-, see möristä] : growl
P
paahde [from FPrm *pase] : heat, glow
paakku [see pakka] : pack
paali [from Gmc. Cf. Swe bal] : bale
paalu [from Gmc. Cf. Swe paale] : pole
paarit [from Gmc. Cf. Swe baar] : stretcher
paarma [from FV *parma. Cf. Est parm, Kar puarmu] : gadfly
paarre [from *barde, see parras] : edge, rim
paasi [from Gmc] : slab
paasto [from Gmc. Cf. Swe fasta] : fasting
paavi [from Gmc. Cf. Lap poava, Swe paave] : pope
paeta [from *pake-. Cf. Est pogenema, Kar pajta, Lap bahtarit] : flee
paha [cf. Est paha, Kar paha, Lap baha] : bad
pahka [from PFU *paksa] : boil, ulcer
pahkaa [from PFU *packe] : head over heels
paikka [cf. Est paik, Lap baiki] : place
paimen [from Bal. Cf. Lit piemuo] : shepherd
painaa [from PU *paynya. Cf. Lap baidnin (dye)] : press
paistaa [cf. Est paistma, Lap baitit (shine), bassit (roast)] : shine, roast
paisua [cf. Est paisuma, Kar pajzota] : swell
paita [from Gmc. Cf. Kar pajdu, Lap baidi, Got paida] : shirt
paja [cf. Lap badji] : smithy
paju [from PU *paye. Cf. Est paju, Kar pajju, Hun fagyal (privet)] : willow
pakaasi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe bagage] : baggage
pakahtua [from PFU *pakka] : burst
pakana [from *pagana, from Sla. Cf. Est pagan, Lap bahkin] : heathen
pakari [from Gmc. Cf. Swe bagare] : baker
pakka [from Gmc. Cf. Lap bahkka, Swe packe] : package, parcel
pakkanen [cf. Est pakane, Kar pakkajne, Lap bahkas (hot)] : frost
pakolainen [from paeta. Cf. Est pagulane, Kar pagolajne] : refugee
pakottaa [cf. Lap bagget] : force
paksu [cf. Est paks] : thick
pala [from PU *pala. Cf. Est pala, Kar pala, Hun falat (bit)] : piece
palaa [from PFU *palya. Cf. Est polema, Kar paluo, Lap buollit] : burn
palava [see palaa. Cf. Est palav, Kar palav] : hot
palella [see palaa. Cf. Lap buolas (frost)] : be cold, freeze
paljas [cf. Est paljas, Kar palljas] : naked
palje [from *balge, Gmc. Cf. Swe bälg] : bellows
paljo [from PFU *palye. Cf. Est palju] : much
palkata [see palkka. Cf. Lap balkahit] : employ
palkka [cf. Est palk, Lap balka] : wage
palkki [from *balki, from Gmc. Cf. Lap bielka, Swe balk] : plank
pallo [from *ballo, from Gmc. Cf. Est pall, Lap ballu (testicle), Swe boll (ball)] : ball
palmu [from Gmc. Cf. Est palm, Lap balbma, Swe palm] : palm
palttina [from Sla. Cf. Rus polotno] : fabric, cloth
palvelus [from palvoa. Cf. Lap balvelus] : service
palvoa [cf. Est paluma (pray)] : serve, adore
pankki [from Gmc. Cf. Est pank, Lap bangku, Swe bank] : bank
panna [from PFU *pane. Cf. Est panema, Kar panna] : put
panna [from Gmc. Cf. Swe banna] : ban
pannu [from Gmc. Cf. Lap banno, Swe panna] : pan
panssari [from Gmc. Cf. Swe pansar] : armor
panta [from Gmc. Cf. Swe band] : band, belt
pantti [from Gmc. Cf. Est pant, Lap panta, Swe pant] : pawn
paperi [from Gmc. Cf. Est paber, Lap babir, Swe papper] : paper
pappi [from Sla or Gmc. Cf. Lap bahppa, Rus pop, Swe pop] : priest
papu [from Sla. Cf. Kar pabu, Lap bahpu, Rus bob] : bean
parakki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe barack] : barrack
parantaa [from paras. Cf. Est paranema] : improve, heal
paras [from FPrm *para. Cf. Est paras (just), Kar paras (beloved), Lap buorre (good)] : best
parempi [from paras. Cf. Est parem] : better
pari [from Gmc. Cf. Est paar, Kar puaru, Lap barra, Swe par] : pair
parjata [from Bal] : abuse
parkki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe bark] : bark (of tree; sailboat)
parma [from Gmc. Cf. Swe barm] : bosom
paroni [from Gmc. Cf. Swe baron] : baron
parras [from *bartas, from Gmc. Cf. Swe baard] : edge, rim, shore
parru [from *spar-, from Gmc. Cf. Swe sparre] : beam
parsa [from *spar-, from Gmc. Cf. Swe sparris] : asparagus
parta [from *barta or *bar(z)da, from Gmc or Bal. Cf. Kar pardu, Ger Bart, Lit barzda] : beard
parvi [from PFU *pare] : flock, herd
paska [from PFU *pucka. Cf. Est pask, Lap baika, Hun fos] : vulg liquid excrement
pasma [from Sla. Cf. Hun paszma] : staple
pata [from PFU *pata. Cf. Kar pada, Lap bahti, Hun fazek] : pot
patja [from *badja, from Gmc. Cf. Swe bädd (bed)] : mattress
pato [from PFU *padhe. Cf. Lap buoddju, Hun fal (wall)] : dam
patsas [cf. Lap bazzi] : column
patteri [from *batteri, from Gmc. Cf. Swe batteri] : battery
patti [cf. Lap bahtte] : spavin
paukkua [cf. Lap bavkkit] : crack, blast, boom
paula [cf. Est pael] : ribbon
pää [from PU *pänge. Cf. Est pea, Kar piä, Hun fej] : head
päällä [from PFU *pänge-l. Cf. Est peal, Kar piäl-, Hun fel] : up
päärme [from *bärme, from Gmc. Cf. Lap barbmu (bird habitat), Swe bräm] : brim
päärynä [from Gmc. Cf. Est pirn, Swe päron] : pear
pääsiäinen [from Gmc. Cf. Lap beassazat, Swe paask] : Easter
pääskynen [from PFU *päcke. Cf. Est pääsuke, Kar piäskjujne, Hun fecske] : swallow (bird)
päästä [cf. Est pääsema (escape), Lap beassat (let)] : slip out, escape
pähkinä [from FPrm *päske. Cf. Est pähkel] : nut
päistär [from Sla. Cf. Hun pozdorja] : coarse tow
päivä [from PFU *päywä. Cf. Est päev, Kar pjajvju, Lap beaivi] : day
päkiä [cf. Est päkk] : ball (of the foot)
päre [from PFU *päre] : chip
päteä [from *pätedä < *päte] : valid
pätsi [from Sla. Cf. Rus pech’] : furnace
pehmeä [from *pesmedä < *pesme. Cf. Est pehme, Kar pehmej] : soft
pehtori [from Lat (in)spector] : inspector
peijaiset [from Gmc] : feast
peijakas [from *speijakas, from Gmc. Cf. Swe spöke (ghost)] : deuce
peikko [from Gmc] : goblin
peili [from *spejli, from Gmc. Cf. Est peegel, Lap speadjal, Swe spegel] : mirror
peippo [cf. Lap beibbos] : finch
peitsi [from *speitsi, from Gmc. Cf. Swe spjut] : spear
peitta [from *beitta, from Gmc. Cf. Swe beta] : tan
peittä [cf. Est peitma (hide), Kar pejttiä (cover, hide), Hun fed] : cover
peilata [from Gmc. Cf. Swe pejla] : sound out (depth)
pelastaa [from Gmc] : rescue
pelätä [from PU *pele. Cf. Lap ballat, Hun fel] : fear
peli [from *speli, from Gmc. Cf. Lap speallu, Swe spel] : play
pelkkä [from FV *pelykkä] : pure
pelko [see pelätä. Cf. Est pelg, Lap ballu] : fear
pellava [cf. Lap beallemas (flax)] : linen
pelmuta [from PFU *pelme] : make noise
pelto [from *felto, from Gmc. Cf. Est pold, Kar peldo, Lap bealdu, Swe fält] : field
peni [from PFU *pene. Cf. Lap beatna] : dog
penkka [from Gmc. Cf. Swe bank] : bank, steep slope
penkki [from Gmc. Cf. Est pink, Lap beangka, Swe bänk] : bench
penni [from Gmc. Cf. Swe penning] : penny
pensas [cf. Est poosas] : bush
perä [from PFU *perä. Cf. Kar perä, Hun far] : backside
perhe [cf. Est pere, Kar pereh, Lap bearas] : family
periä [cf. Est pärima, Lap bearrat] : inherit
perjantai [from *frijantag, from Gmc. Cf. Lap bearjadat, Swe fridag] : Friday
perkele [from Bal. Cf. Est porgu (hell), Lap beargalat (devil), Lit perkunas (thunder)] : devil
permu [see paarma] : gadfly larva
persikka [from Gmc. Cf. Est persik, Swe persika] : peach
persilja [from Gmc. Cf. Swe persilja] : parsley
perustaa [cf. Lap berustit] : establish
pesä [from PU *pesä. Cf. Est pesa, Kar pezja, Lap beassi, Hun feszek] : nest
peski [from PU *peckä. Cf. Lap beaska] : fur coat
pestata [cf. Lap bestet] : agree, assign
pestä [from FV *pesä. Cf. Est pesema, Kar pestä, Lap bassat] : wash
petäjä [from FPrm *pecä. Cf. Kar pedaj, Lap beahci] : fir
petkel [from FV *petke] : pestle
peto [cf. Lap beahtu] : beast
petsi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe bets] : tanning liquor
pettää [cf. Est petma, Lap beahttit] : deceive
peukalo [from PU *pälkä. Cf. Est pöial, Kar pejgalo, Lap bealgi] : thumb
peura [from *pedhra. Cf. Est poder (elk)] : wild reindeer
piekana [from PU *päke. Cf. Lap biehkkan] : buzzard (Buteo lagopus)
pieksu [cf. Swe pjäxa] : boots
pieli [from PU *pälä. Cf. Kar pieli, Lap beallji (ear), Hun fel (half)] : doorpost
pielus [see pieli. Cf. Kar pielus] : cushion
pieni [cf. Est peenike, Kar pieni] : small
piestä [from PU *peksä] : beat, whip
piha [from FPrm *pica. Cf. Kar piha, Est piht (palisade)] : courtyard
pihka [from PFU *piska] : resin
pihlaja [from PFU *picla. Cf. Est pihlakas] : rowan
pihti [from FV *piste] : clamp
pihvi [from *biffi, from Gmc. Cf. Lap biffa, Swe biff] : beef-steak
pii [from PU *pinge. Cf. Kar pii, Lap batni (tooth), Hun fog] : cog
piika [from Gmc. Cf. Lap biiga, Swe piga] : maid
piikki [from Gmc. Cf. Lap biika, Swe pigg] : thorn
piilu [from Gmc. Cf. Swe bila] : halberd
piimä [from PFU *piye. Cf. Est piim (milk), Lap bipmi (sour milk), Hun fej (milk v.)] : buttermilk
piina [from Gmc. Cf. Est piin, Lap biidnu, Swe pina] : pain, suffering
piippu [from Gmc. Cf. Est piip, Lap biipu, Swe pipa] : pipe
piirakka [from Sla. Cf. Rus pirog] : pie
piiri [from PU *pire. Cf. Est piir (border), Lap birra (around)] : circle
piiska [from Gmc. Cf. Swe pisk] : whip
piispa [from Gmc. Cf. Lap bisma] : bishop
pikari [from *bigari, from Gmc. Cf. Est peeker, Swe bägare] : beaker
piki [from *biki, from Gmc. Cf. Est pigi, Swe beck] : pitch
pila [cf. Lap bilidit (break down)] : destruction
piletti [from Gmc. Cf. Swe biljett] : ticket
pilkka [cf. Est pilkama (to mock), Lap bilku] : mark; mock
pilkku [see pilkka] : mark; stain; dot
pilvi [from PFU *pilwe. Cf. Est pilv, Kar pilvi, Lap balva, Hun felhö] : cloud
pimeä [from *pimedä < *pime, from PU *pilyme. Cf. Est pime, Kar pimej] : dark
pinaatti [from Gmc. Cf. Est spinat, Swe spenat] : spinach
pingotta [from FV *pingka] : pull taut
pinta [from FPrm *pinta. Cf. Est pind] : surface
pinteli [from Gmc. Cf. Swe spindel] : spindle
pippuri [from Gmc. Cf. Est pipar, Lap bihppor, Swe peppar] : pepper
piristää [from FV *pire] : refresh
pirta [from Sla. Cf. Hun borda] : weaver’s reed
pirteä [from *pirtedä < *pirte] : lively
pirtti [from Bal. Cf. Lap barta, Swe pörte, Lit pirtis (bath)] : hut
pirtu [from Gmc. Cf. Swe sprit] : spirit, alcohol
piru [cf. Kar piru, Lap biru] : devil
pisara [from FV *pisa. Cf. Est pisar (tear)] : drop
pistää [from FV *pise. Cf. Est pistma, Lap bastil (sharp)] : sting, stab
pitää [cf. Est pidama, Kar pidiä] : hold, keep
pitkä [from PU *pidhe. Cf. Est pikk] : long
pitsi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe spets] : lace
pivo [from PU *pinge] : palm of the hand
pohatta [from Sla. Cf. bogat] : rich man
pohja [from PFU *poska. Cf. Kar pohju] : ground, basis
pohje [from PFU *poske] : calf of leg
pohjoinen [from pohja. Cf. Est pohi, Kar pohjajne] : north
pohtaa [from FPrm *pose. Cf. Est puhas (pure)] : winnow
poiju [from Gmc. Cf. Swe boj] : buoy
poika [from PFU *poyka. Cf. Est poeg, Kar pojgu, Hun fiu, Swe pojka] : son, boy
pokaali [from Sla. Cf. Rus bokal] : cup
polkea [see polku] : trample
polku [from PU *polke. Cf. Lap balggis] : path
polttaa [see palaa. Cf. Est polema, Kar poltua, Lap boaldit] : burn
polvi [from PU *polwe. Cf. Est polv, Kar polvi, Lap buolva (generation)] : knee; generation
pommi [from *bombi, from Gmc. Cf. Est pomm, Swe bomb] : bomb
pomo [from Sla] : boss
ponsi [from FPrm *ponte] : knob
pora [from *bora, from Gmc. Cf. Swe borr] : drill
porkkana [from *burkana, from Sla or Bal. Cf. Rus borkan, Ltv burkans] : carrot
pormestari [from *borgmestari, from Gmc. Cf. Swe borgmästare] : mayor
poro [from PU *poca. Cf. Lap boazu] : reindeer
poro [cf. Est pori (mud), Hun por (dust)] : dust
porras [from *bordas, from Gmc. Cf. Swe bord] : board
porsas [from FV *porsas. Cf. Est porsas] : pig
portti [from Gmc. Cf. Swe port] : gate
porttola [from Gmc. Cf. Swe bordell] : brothel
porvari [from *borgari, from Gmc. Cf. Swe borgare] : citizen
poski [from PU *poske. Cf. Est posk] : cheek
posti [from Gmc. Cf. Est post, Lap boasta, Swe post] : post
potaatti [from Gmc. Cf. Lap budjeite, Swe potatis] : potato
potea [cf. Lap buohccat] : get sick
potka [from PU *pocka] : thigh
potkea [cf. Lap botket (break off)] : cast a net
povi [from PFU *ponge. Cf. Est pou] : bosom
pökkiä [from descr. *pök-. Cf. Hun bök] : stab
pöly [cf. Kar pjolju] : dust
pöristä [from onomat. *pör-] : buzz
pörssi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe börs] : stock exchange
pöyheä [from *peüsedä < *peüse] : tumescent
pöyhiä [from *peüsi-] : shake up
pöytä [from *peütä, from *biutha, from Gmc. Cf. Lap beavdi, Got biuds] : table
pudas [cf. Lap budjis] : backwater
puhaltaa [from PU *puse. Cf. Est puhuma, Kar puhalduo, Lap bossu (whale)] : blow
puhdas [cf. Est puhas, Lap buhtis] : clean
puhde [from FV *pukta. Cf. Lap boktit (wake)] : twilight
puhkaista [from FPrm *pucke. Cf. Est puhkema (burst)] : penetrate
puhua [see puhaltaa] : speak
puikko [cf. Lap buiku] : stick, needle
pukea [from PF *pug-, from PFU *puke. Cf. Lap bahkat (squeeze in), bohkat (bore), Hun bujik (hide)] : dress
pukki [from Gmc. Cf. Lap bohkki, Swe bock] : buck
puku [from PF *pugun, see pukea] : dress
pulista [cf. Lap buljardit] : splash
pullea [from *pulleda < *pulle] : swollen
pullo [from Gmc. Cf. Swe bulle] : bottle
pulveri [from Gmc. Cf. Est pulber, Lap bulvvar, Swe pulver] : powder
pumppu [from Gmc. Cf. Est pump, Lap bumpa, Swe pump] : pump
pumpuli [from Gmc. Cf. Lap bumbol, Swe bomull] : cotton
punainen [from PFU *puna. Cf. Est punane] : red
puoli [from PFU *pula. Cf. Est pool, Kar puoli, Lap bealli] : half, side
punkka [from Gmc. Cf. Swe bunke] : vat
punoa [from PU *puna. Cf. Kar punua, Lap botnjat (twist), batnit (spin), Hun fon] : spin
punta [from Gmc. Cf. Swe pund] : pound (currency)
puola [from *spuola, from Gmc. Cf. Est pool, Lap buolla, Swe spole] : roll, spool
puola [from PU *pola. Cf. Hun bogyo (berry)] : cranberry
puoli [from FV *pula. Cf. Est pool] : half
puolustaa [from puoli. Cf. Lap bealustit] : protect
puomi [from *buomi, from Gmc. Cf. Swe bom] : barrier
puosu [from *botsu, from Gmc. Cf. Swe baatsman] : skipper
puoti [from Gmc. Cf. Est pood, Lap buvda, Ger Bude] : shop
puras [from PU *pura. Cf. Est puur, Kar pora, Hun fur (bore)] : drill
purista [from onomat. *pur-] : whisper
purje [from Bal. Cf. Est puri, Lap borjjas, Lit bure] : sail
purkaa [from FV *purka. Cf. Lap burgit (rummage)] : dismantle, undo
purkki [from Gmc. Cf. Est purk, Lap burke, Swe burk] : tin, can
purku [from PU *purke. Cf. Lap borga] : snowstorm
purnu [from FPrm *pornye] : store
purra [from PFU *pure. Cf. Kar purra, Lap borrat (eat)] : bite
purskua [cf. Est purskuma] : boil up
pusero [cf. Lap busir] : blouse
pusertaa [from PFU *puce. Cf. Kar puzerdua, Lap bahcit (to milk), Hun facsar (wring)] : squeeze
puskea [from PFU *puske] : push, stab, gore
pussi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe paase] : pouch
pusu [from Gmc. Cf. Swe puss] : kiss
putka [from Sla] : stir, jail
putkahtaa [from FV *pucka] : bob up
putki [from PU *pucke. Cf. Lap bohcci] : pipe, tube
putsata [from Gmc. Cf. Swe putsa] : cleanse
puu [from PU *puwe. Cf. Est puu, Kar puu, Hun fa] : tree, wood
puuro [from *putro, from Bal. Cf. Est puder, Kar pudro, Lap buvru, Lit putra] : porridge
puustavi [from Gmc. Cf. Lap bustavva, Swe bokstav] : letter
pyhä [from FPrm *püsä, from *wihiz, see vihkiä. Cf. Est püha, Kar pjuhja, Lap bassi] : holy
pyökki [from Gmc. Cf. Est pöök, Lap beaika] : beech
pyöreä [from PF *püüredä < *püüre, see pyöriä] : round
pyöriä [from PF *püüre-, from PFU *penge-rä. Cf. Est pöörama, Kar pjuörie, Hun forog, pörög] : turn
pyrkiä [cf. Lap bargat (work)] : make effort
pyssy [from Gmc. Cf. Est püss, Lap bissu, Swe bössa] : rifle
pysty [cf. Est püsti] : erect
pysyä [from FV *pise. Cf. Est püsima (persist), Kar pjuzjuö, Lap bissut] : stay, remain
pytty [from Gmc. Cf. Swe bytta] : vat
pyy [from PU *pinge. Cf. Est püü, Lap baggo, Hun fogoly (partridge)] : hazel grouse
pyykki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe byk] : laundering
pyytää [from PU *piwtä. Cf. Lap bivdit] : ask
R
raaja [cf. Lap radje] : limb
raaka [from Gmc] : raw
raaka [from Gmc] : mast
raamattu [from *gramattu, from Sla. Cf. Est raamat (book), Lap rammat (scriptures), Rus gramota (writing)] : Bible
raati [from Gmc. Cf. Swe raad] : council
raha [from Gmc. Cf. Est raha, Swe skraa (guild)] : money
rahista [from onomat. *rah-] : creak
rahti [from *frahti, from Gmc. Cf. Lap rakta, Swe frakt] : freight
rahtu [from Gmc] : a bit
rahvas [from *rasvas. Cf. Est rahvas, Kar rahvas] : people
raide [from Gmc] : track
raikas [see rieska] : fresh
raippa [from Gmc] : rod
raito [cf. Lap raidu] : caravan
raivo [cf. Est raev] : fury
raja [from *kraja, from Sla. Cf. Est raja, Kar raja, Lap radji, Rus kraj] : boundary
rakas [from PFU *rakka. Cf. Lap rahkis, Hun rokon (relative, kin)] : dear
rakastaa [from rakas. Cf. Lap rahkistit] : love
rakentaa [from PFU *rakke. Cf. Lap rahkadit (make), Hun rak (heap up, put)] : build
rakkari [from Gmc. Cf. Swe rackare] : rascal
rakki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe racka] : biting dog
rakko [cf. Lap rahkku] : bag, blister
rako [from Bal] : crack
rakuuna [from Gmc. Cf. Swe dragon] : dragoon
rallattaa [from Gmc. Cf. Swe tralla] : sing
ramppi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe ramp] : stage
rana [from *krana, from Gmc. Cf. Swe kran] : crane; tap
rangaista [cf. Lap ranggastit] : punish
ranka [from Gmc] : trunk
ranska [from *franska, from Gmc. Cf. Est prants-, Swe fransk] : French
ranta [from *stranda, from Gmc. Cf. Est rand, Kar randu, Swe strand] : shore, beach
rapa [cf. Est raba (moor)] : mud
rapea [from *rapeda < *rape] : brittle
rapista [from onomat. *rap-. Cf. Lap roahpat (screech), Hun ropog (crack)] : clatter
rappu [cf. Lap rahpat] : stairs
rapu [from *krabu, from Gmc. Cf. Est krabi, Lap reabba, Swe krabba] : crab
rasia [from Gmc] : box
raskas [cf. Est raske] : heavy; pregnant
rastas [from *drastas, from Bal. Cf. Est rästas, Lit drazdas] : thrush
rasva [cf. Est rasv, Kar razvu] : fat
rata [from *ratho, from Gmc. Cf. Est rada] : path
ratas [from Bal. Cf. Est ratas, Kar ratas, Lap rahtis, Lit ratas] : wheel
ratista [from onomat. *rat-] : croak
ratsu [cf. Est ratsa (riding)] : horse
rauha [cf. Est rahu, Kar rauhu, Lap rafi] : peace
raukea [from *ravkeda < *ravke] : weak
raukka [see raukea and rukka. Cf. Est rauk (old man)] : poor man
raunio [from Gmc] : heap, pile, ruin
rauta [from Sla. Cf. Est raud, Kar raudu, Lap ruovdi, Rus ruda (ore)] : iron
ravita [cf. Est ravima (treat)] : nourish
rääpale [see repale] : rag
rääpys [from Proto-Nordic. Cf. Est rääbis] : vendace (fish)
rääsy [see resu] : rag
räätäli [from *skrädäri, from Gmc. Cf. Est rät-, Swe skräddare] : tailor
räiskiä [cf. Lap riskit] : spurt
räiskyä [from onomat. *räisk-. Cf. Hun recseg] : creak
räkittää [cf. Kar rjakki (heat)] : singe
rämeä [from *rämedä, from onomat. *räm-] : hoarse
rämistä [from onomat. *räm-] : creak
ränni [from Gmc. Cf. Swe ränna] : eaves
räpäys [from PFU *reppe. Cf. Hun repül (fly)] : moment
rätistä [from onomat. *rät-] : creak
räyhätä [from *räws-] : make noise
räyskiä [from *räwsk-] : bark (as dog)
räystäs [from *räwstäs, see röytä] : eaves
rehellinen [cf. Lap rehalas] : honest
reikä [cf. Lap raigi] : hole
reipas [from Gmc *reifaz] : vigorous
reisi [from FPrm *rayti, from Bal. Cf. Est reis, Kar rejzhi, Lap ruoida (knee-bend)] : thigh
reitti [from Gmc] : route
reivi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe rev] : reef (sail)
reki [from Bal. Cf. Est regi, Kar regi, Lap reahka, Lit roges] : sledge
remmi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe rem] : strap, belt
rengas [from Gmc *rengaz. Cf. Est rongas, Kar rengas, Lap riekkis, Swe ring] : ring
renki [from *drengi, from Gmc. Cf. Swe dräng] : lad
repale [see repiä. Cf. Est räbal] : rag
repiä [from PFU *räppe. Cf. Est rebima, Lap rahpat (open up), Hun reped (burst)] : split, tear apart
repo [from PFU *repä. Cf. Est rebane, Kar reboj, Lap rieban, Hun ravasz (sly), Swe räv (fox)] : fox
reppu [cf. Lap rehppo] : bag
resu [cf. Lap ramsu] : rag
reti [from Gmc. Cf. Swe redd] : harbor
reuna [from Gmc *bruna. Cf. Kar reunu, Swe bryn] : rim
riemu [cf. Est room] : joy
rieska [from *prieska, from Bal. Cf. Lit prieskas] : fresh
rihma [from *risma, from Bal. Cf. Est rihm (strap), Lit risimas] : thread
riihi [from FPrm *ringe. Cf. Est rehi] : store, shed
riippiä [from *strip-, from Gmc] : strip
riippua [cf. Est rippuma, Kar rippuo] : hang
riisi [from Gmc. Cf. Lap riisa, Swe ris] : rice
riisua [from FPrm *rice. Cf. Lap rihccut (naked)] : take off
riita [from *strida, from Gmc. Cf. Est riid, Kar rijdu, Lap riidu, Swe strid (battle)] : quarrel
rikas [from Gmc. Cf. Est rikas, Lap rikkis, Swe rik] : rich
rikki [cf. Lap rissa] : sulphur
rikko [cf. Lap rihkku] : breach
rinta [from *strinta, from Proto-Nordic. Cf. Est rind, Kar rindu, Lap raddi] : breast
ripa [from Gmc. Cf. Ger Rippe] : rib
risti [from *kristi, from Sla. Cf. Est rist, Kar ristu, Lap rista, Rus krest] : cross
risu [from Gmc. Cf. Swe ris] : dry branches
rita [from FPrm *rita. Cf. Lap rihta] : trap
ritari [from Gmc. Cf. Est rüütel, Swe riddare] : knight
rivi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe rev] : row, order
rohkea [from *roskeda < *roske. Cf. Kar rohkej, Lap roahkka (fearlessly)] : bold
rohkea [from *roskeda < *roske. Cf. Est rohke] : ample
roiskua [cf. Lap riskut] : splash
rokka [from PFU *rokka] : pea soup, bean soup
ropista [from onomat. *rop-. Cf. Hun ropog (crack)] : patter
rosvo [from Sla. Cf. Rus razboj (robbery), Rom razboi (war)] : robber
rotta [from Gmc. Cf. Est rott, Kar rottu, Swe raatta] : rat
rotu [from Sla. Cf. Rus rod] : race, species
rouhia [from *rovse, from Sla or *krovse from Bal. Cf. Rus rushit’, Lit krausyti] : crush
routa [from *grouda, from Bal. Cf. Lit gruodas] : hard ground
rouva [from *frouwa, from Gmc. Cf. Est proua, Lap rovva, Swe fru] : lady
röhistä [from onomat. *röh-] : pant; grunt
röhkiä [see röhkiä. Cf. Est röhkima, Hun röhög (roar with laughter)] : grunt
röyhkeä [from *reüskedä < *reüske] : insolent
röyhkkiö [from *reüskiö] : heap
röyhtäistä [from *reükt-] : belch
röyhy [from *reüsü] : panicle
röytä [from *reütä] : rim
ruhtinas [from *druhtinaz, from Gmc. Cf. Swe drott (ruler)] : count, prince
ruis [from *rugis, from Bal. Cf. Est rukis, Kar rujs, Lap rogas, Lit rugys] : rye
rukka [from *krukka, see ruukku] : poor man
rukki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe rock] : spinning wheel
rukoilla [cf. Lap rohkadallat] : pray
ruma [cf. Lap ropmi] : ugly
runko [from *strunko, from Gmc. Cf. Kar rungo] : trunk
runo [from Gmc. Cf. Swe runa (magic song)] : poem
ruoho [from *gruozo, from Gmc. Cf. Est rohi, Swe gras] : grass
ruoka [cf. Est roog (dish), Kar ruoga (fodder)] : food
ruokko [from Gmc] : provisions
ruoko [cf. Est roog, Kar ruogo] : reed
ruori [from Gmc. Cf. Swe ror] : steering oar
ruoste [from Gmc. Cf. Est rooste, Lap ruosta, Swe rost] : rust
ruotsi [from Sla. Cf. Est rootsi, Lap ruotsa-, Rus russkij (Russian)] : Swedish
rusakka [from Sla. Cf. Rus rusak] : grey hare
rusina [from Gmc. Cf. Swe russin] : raisin
ruskea [from *ruskeda < *ruske, from Sla. Cf. Kar ruskej (red), Lap ruskes (brown), rukses (red), Rus rusyj] : brown
rutto [cf. Lap rohttu] : plague
ruuhi [from *trugi, from Gmc. Cf. Swe traag] : trough, boat
ruukku [from *krukku, from Gmc. Cf. Swe kruka] : jug
ruumis [cf. Lap rumas] : body
ruusu [from Gmc. Cf. Est roos, Lap ruvsu, Swe ros] : rose
ruuti [from *kruti, from Gmc. Cf. Swe krut] : gunpowder
ruutu [from Gmc. Cf. Est ruut, Lap ruvtto, Swe ruta] : square
ruuvi [from *skruvi, from Gmc. Cf. Est kruvi, Lap sruva, Swe skruv] : screw
ryhmä [cf. Est rühm] : group
rymistä [from onomat. *rym-, see rämistä] : make noise
rynnätä [cf. Est ründama] : raid
ryökäle [from *reükäle, see riekale] : rag
ryömiä [from *reümi-] : creep
ryönä [from *reünä] : garbage
ryöppy [from *reüppü] : shower
ryöstää [from *reüstä-. Cf. Est rüüstama, Kar rjuöstiä] : rob
ryöväri [from *reüväri, from Gmc. Cf. Swe rövare] : robber
rypsi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe raps] : rape-seed
rysä [from Gmc. Cf. Swe ryssja] : fish-weir
ryyni [cf. Lap rievdna] : grit
S
saada [from PU *saghe. Cf. saama, Kar suvva] : get
saapas [from Sla. Cf. Est saabas, Kar suappaj, Lap sappa, Rus sapog] : boot
saari [from pre-Nordic. Cf. Est saar, Kar suari] : island
saarna [from PFU *sarna. Cf. Lap sardni] : sermon
saarni [from FV *sarne. Cf. Est saar] : ash tree
saattaa [from FV *saghe. Cf. Est saatma (send), Lap sahttit (be able)] : accompany; lead; carry
saha [from *saga, from Gmc. Cf. Est saag, Lap saha, Swe saag] : saw
saippua [from Gmc. Cf. Lap saibu, Swe saapa] : soap
sairas [from Gmc. Cf. Swe saar] : sick, ill
saivar [from FPrm *siye (< ?PFU *sirke). Cf. Lap civrrus] : nit
sakea [from *sakeda, from FPrm *sake. Cf. Est sage (frequent), Kar sagej (thick)] : thick
sakki [cf. Lap sahkka] : gang, band
sakko [from *sako, from Gmc. Cf. Lap sahkku] : fine, penalty
saksa [from Gmc. Cf. Ger Sachsen (Saxony)] : German
sakset [from Gmc. Cf. Swe sax] : scissors
sala [from PU *sala. Cf. Est sala, Lap suola (thief)] : secret
salama [from PFU *sala] : lightning
salava [from PFU *sala. Cf. Hun szil (elm)] : willow
sali [from Gmc. Cf. Lap sale, Swe sal] : hall
salkku [cf. Kar salgu, Lap salko] : bag
salko [from PFU *salke. Cf. Lap cuolggu] : pole
sallia [from Gmc] : permit, allow
salmi [from FPrm *solma. Cf. Lap coalbmi] : strait
salo [from Bal. Cf. Est salu (wood), Lap suolu (island), Lit sala] : island
salva [from Gmc. Cf. Est salv, Swe salva] : ointment
salvaa [from salko] : carve out
salvata [from salpa. Cf. Kar salvata] : lock
sama [from Gmc. Cf. Lap seamma, Swe samma] : same
samea [from *sameda < *same] : troubled, muddy
sametti [from Gmc. Cf. Est samet, Lap sameahtta, Swe sammet] : velvet
sammal [from *sambal. Cf. Est sammal, Kar sammal, Ger Simmel (mold)] : moss
sammio [from PFU *cumpe] : vat
sampi [from PFU *sampe] : sturgeon
sana [cf. Est sona, Kar sana, Lap satni] : word
sankari [from Gmc] : hero
sanoa [from sana. Cf. Kar sanuo] : say
santa [from Gmc. Cf. Swe sand] : sand
santarmi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe gendarm] : policeman
sapa [cf. Est saba] : tail
sapeli [from Gmc. Cf. Swe sabel] : sable
sappi [from PFU *säppä. Cf. Est sapp, Kar sappi, Lap sahppi, Hun epe] : gall, bile
sarana [from PFU *cara] : hinge
sarja [from FPrm *sarya. Cf. Est sari] : series, row
sarkka [from Sla] : goblet
sarvas [see sarvi. Cf. Hun szarvas (deer)] : reindeer bull
sarvi [from PFU *sorwa. Cf. Est sarv, Kar sarvi, Lap coarvi, Hun szarv] : horn
sata [from PFU *sata. Cf. Est sada, Kar sada, Lap cuohti, Hun szaz] : hundred
sattua [from FV *satta. Cf. Est sattuma (find)] : hit
satula [from Gmc. Cf. Est sadul, Kar saduli, Swe sadel] : saddle
sauma [from Gmc. Cf. Swe söm] : seam
sauna [cf. Lap savdni] : bath-house
sauva [from PFU *sawna. Cf. Lap cavgngi (beam)] : pole
savi [from PFU *sawe. Cf. Est savi, Kar savi] : clay
savu [from FV *sawe. Cf. Kar savvu, Lap suovas (smoke-fire)] : smoke
sää [from PFU *sänge. Cf. Kar siä, Hun eg (sky)] : weather
sää [from FPrm *sänge] : yarn
sääksi [from FV *säkce. Cf. Lap ciekca] : osprey
sääli [from Sla. Cf. Lap sallu, Rus zhal’] : pity
sääntää [see säätää] : arrange
sääri [from FPrm *cäye. Cf. Est säär] : leg
sääski [from FV *säske. Cf. Est sääsk, Lap cuoika] : mosquito
säästää [cf. Lap seastit] : hold, save
säätää [from sää] : arrange
sähistä [from onomat. *säs-. Cf. Hun sistereg] : hiss
säilyä [cf. Est säilima, Lap seailut] : be preserved
säkene [from FV *säke] : spark
säkiä [from FV *säkä. Cf. Est säga] : catfish
säkki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe säck] : sack
säle [from PFU *sälä. Cf. Lap cala (writing), Hun szel (carve)] : lath
sänki [from FV *sängke] : bristle
sänky [cf. Est säng, Lap seangga, Swe säng] : bed
säppi [from Sla. Cf. Rus cep (chain)] : latch
säristä [from onomat. *sär-] : creak
särkeä [from PFU *cärke] : smash
särki [from PFU *särkä. Cf. Est särg] : roach (fish)
säynäs [from PFU *säwnä. Cf. Hun ön] : bream (fish)
säyseä [from *säwsedä < *säwse] : mild
se [from PU *ce. Cf. Est see, Kar se, Lap dat, Hun ez] : it
seikka [from Gmc. Cf. Est seiklus, Swe sak] : affair
seimi [cf. Est soim] : manger
seinä [from Bal. Cf. Est sein, Kar seinju, Lap seaidni, Lit siena] : wall
seisoa [from PFU *sangca. Cf. Est seisma, Kar sejzhattuo, Lap cuozzut] : stand
seitsemän [from FPrm *sengce. Cf. Est seitse, Kar sejcchie, Lap cieza] : seven
seiväs [from Bal] : pole, stake
seka- [from PFU *seka] : mixed
sekä [cf. Lap sihke] : both
sekoittaa [from seka-. Cf. Est segama, Kar sevojttuo, Lap seaguhit] : mix
selkeä [from *selkedä < *selke. Cf. Est selge, Lap cielggas] : clear
selkä [from FV *selkä. Cf. Est selg, Kar selgju, Lap cielgi (spine), sealgi (back)] : back
sepä [cf. Lap ceabet (neck)] : front of sled
seppä [from PFU. Cf. Est sepp, Lap ceahppi, Hun szep (nice)] : smith
sepä [from PFU *sepä. Cf. Lap ceabet (neck)] : front of sled
setä [from PU *ceca. Cf. Lap ceahci] : uncle
seteli [from Gmc. Cf. Swe sedel] : bill
seula [from *sethla, from Gmc. Cf. Est soel, Kar sieglu, Swe saall] : sieve
seura [from *sebhra, from Bal. Cf. Est sober (friend), Lap searvi (company), Lit sebras] : company
sielu [from Gmc. Cf. Lap siellu, Swe själ] : soul
siellä [from PFU *se-l. See se] : here
siemaista [from FV *seme] : gulp
siemen [from Bal. Cf. Est seeme, Kar siemen] : seed
sieni [from PFU *säne. Cf. Est seen, Kar sieni, Hun szen (coal)] : mushroom
sihistä [from onomat. *sis-. Cf. Hun sziszeg] : hiss
siika [from Proto-Nordic. Cf. Est siig] : whitefish
siili [from PFU *siye. Cf. Est siil, Hun sün] : hedgehog
siima [from Gmc. Cf. Lap siibma, Icl simi (wire)] : fishing line
siipi [cf. Est tiib, Kar sijbi] : wing
siirtää [from FV *sire. Cf. Lap sirdit] : move
siisti [from Sla. Cf. Rus chisti, Hun tiszta] : clean
siivo [cf. Lap siivu (road conditions)] : order
sija [cf. Lap sadji] : place
sika [from FV *tika, from Gmc. Cf. Est siga, Swe sugga (sow)] : pig
sikeä [from FV *sike] : deep (sleep)
silakka [from Bal] : herring
silava [from PU *silä] : lard
sileä [from *siledä < *sile. Cf. Est sile, Kar silej, Lap sillju (courtyard)] : smooth
silkki [from Gmc. Cf. Lap silki, Swe silke] : silk
silli [from Gmc. Cf. Lap sildi, Swe sill] : herring
silmä [from PU *silmä. Cf. Est silm, Kar silmü, Lap calbmi, Hun szem] : eye
silta [from *tilta, from Bal. Cf. Est sild, Kar sildu, Lap saldi, Lit tiltas] : bridge
sima [from Gmc] : mead
simpukka [from Sla] : shell, nacre
sinappi [from Gmc. Cf. Est sinep, Swe senap] : mustard
sinä [from PFU *te, from PU *tü. Cf. Est sina, Kar sinä, Lap don, Hun te] : you (singular)
sinetti [from Gmc] : signet, seal
sininen [from Sla. Cf. Est sinine, Kar sinijne, Rus sinij] : blue
sipistä [from onomat. *sip-] : whisper
sipuli [from Bal. Cf. Est sibul, Ltv sipols] : onion
siristä [from onomat. *sir-. Cf. Est sirtsuma, Lap cihrrat] : chirp
sirkeä [from *sirkedä < *sirke] : lively
siro [from FV *sire. Cf. Est sirge (straight)] : nice
sirote [from FV *sira] : powder
sirppi [from Sla. Cf. Est sirp, Kar sirpi, Rus serp] : sickle
siru [from FV *sira] : shard
sisä [from PU *sicä. Cf. Est sisemine, Lap sisa, Hun szügy (breast)] : interior
sisar [from Bal. Cf. Kar sizjar, Lit sesuo] : sister
sisilisko [from PU *sengce. Cf. Est sisalik, Lar sizilisko] : lizard
sissi [from Sla. Cf. Rus shish (highwayman)] : guerrilla
sitoa [from FV *site. Cf. Est siduma, Lap catnat] : tie
sittiäinen [from PFU *sitta] : dung beetle
siunata [from *signa-, from Gmc. Cf. Swe -signa] : bless
siveä [from *sivedä < *sive, from PFU *siwa] : morally chaste
smetana [from Sla. Cf. Rus smetana] : sour cream
sohva [from Gmc. Cf. Swe soffa] : couch
soida [from PFU *soye. Cf. Lap cuodjat (play music), Hun zaj (noise)] : sound
soihtu [cf. Lap cuvget (light up)] : torch
soima [from PU *soyma] : barge
sokea [from *sokeda < *soke. Cf. Est soge, Kar sogej, Lap sovkken] : blind
sokeri [from Gmc. Cf. Est suhkur, Lap sohkar, Swe socker] : sugar
solki [from FV *solke] : buckle
solmu [from PFU *colme. Cf. Est solm, Kar solmi, Lap cuolm-, Hun csomo] : knot
soma [cf. Kar soma, Lap soma, suopmat] : nice
sompa [from *stompa, from Bal. Cf. Lap soabbi, Lit stambas] : ski-pole ring
sonni [from FPrm *cone] : bull
sonta [from FV *sonta. Cf. Est sonnik, Lap soandi] : dung
sopia [cf. Lap soahpat] : match, agree
sora [from FV *sora. Cf. Lap cievra] : pebble
sorea [from *soreda < *sore] : nice
sorista [from onomat. *sor-] : hum, roar
sormi [from PFU *sore. Cf. Est sorm, Kar sormi, Lap suorpma, Hun arasz (span)] : finger
sorsa [cf. Kar sorzu, Lap suorsa] : duck
sose [from FV *sose] : pap
sota [from FV *sota. Cf. Est soda, Kar soda, Lap soahti] : war
sotka [from PFU *sodhka] : diver, duck
soutaa [from PU *sughe. Cf. Est soudma, Kar soudua, Lap suhkat] : row
suhista [from onomat. *suh-. Cf. Hun suhog] : swish
suippu [from PFU *cuppe] : tip, top
suka [from FPrm *suka. Cf. Kar suga, Lap cohkun (comb)] : scraper
sukka [from Gmc. Cf. Lap suohkku, Swe socka] : sock
sukkela [from PFU *cukke] : fast
suksi [from PU *sukse. Cf. Est suusk, Kar suksi] : ski
suku [cf. Est sugu, Lap sohka] : sex, race, kind, sort; family
sulaa [from PFU *sula. Cf. Est sulama, Kar sulua, Hun olvad] : melt
sulka [from PFU *sulka, from PU *tulka. Cf. Est sulg, Kar sulgu, Lap dolgi, Hun toll] : feather; pen
sulkea [from FV *sulke. Cf. Est sulgema] : close, shut
sumea [from *sumeda < *sume] : dim
sumu [from FV *sume. Cf. Lap sopmu] : fog
sunnuntai [from Gmc. Cf. Lap sotna-, Swe söndag] : Sunday
suntio [from Sla. Cf. Rus sudja (judge)] : sexton
suo [from Pre-Nordic. Cf. Est soo, Kar suo] : swamp
suoda [from PFU *songe. Cf. Est soovima (desire)] : be able
suoja [from FPrm *saya Cf. Est suo (warm), Lap sudjet (protect)] : protection
suola [from FPrm *sale. Cf. Est sool, Kar suolu] : salt
suoli [from PFU *sola. Cf. Est sool, Kar suoli, Lap coalli] : intestine
suoltaa [from FPrm *celta] : pull out
suomi [from FPrm *sämä, from Bal. Cf. Est soome, Lap suopma, Lit suomis (Finn), Ltv zeme (earth)] : Finnish
suomu [from PU *seme. Cf. Est soomus, Lap cuomas] : scale of fish
suoni [from PU *sene. Cf. Est soon, Kar suoni, Lap suotna, Hun in (sinew), Swe sena] : vein
suopea [from *soopeda < *soope] : benevolent
suotaa [from *suughta-, from PU *cadha. Cf. Hun szalad (run)] : ooze
supista [from onomat. *sup-] : whisper
suppea [from *cuppeda, from PFU *cuppa] : narrow
surista [from onomat. *sur-. Cf. Hun surrog] : hum, buzz
surkea [from *surkeda < *surke, see surku] : miserable
surku [from Gmc. Cf. Swe sorg] : grief
surma [from PFU *sure. Cf. Est surm, Kar surmu] : death
suru [from PFU *sure] : sorrow
survoa [from PFU *surwa. Cf. Hun szur (sting)] : smash
susi [from *sute] : wolf
suu [from PU *suwe. Cf. Est suu, Kar suu, Lap cotta (throat), Hun szaj (mouth)] : mouth
suudella [from suu. Cf. Est suudlema] : kiss
suunta [cf. Est suund] : direction
suuri [from FV *sure, from *sture, from Gmc. Cf. Est suur, Kar suuri, Lap stuoris, Swe stor] : big
suutari [from Gmc. Cf. Lap suvddar] : shoemaker
suuttua [from suu. Cf. Lap suhttat] : get angry
suvi [from PU *sunge. Cf. Est suvi, Lap sakngat (thaw)] : summer
sydän [from PU *sidhä. Cf. Est süda, Kar süvjajn, Hun sziv] : heart
syksy [from PFU *sikse. Cf. Est sügis, Kar sjugjuzju, Lap cakca, Hun ösz] : autumn
syli [from PU *sile. Cf. Est süli, Hun öl] : lap
sylki [from PFU *silke. Cf. Est sülg, Kar sjulgi, Lap colga-] : saliva
synkeä [from *sünkedä < *sünke. Cf. Est sünge] : dark
synti [from Gmc. Cf. Lap suddu, Swe synd] : sin
synty [from PFU *sente. Cf. Est sünd, Kar shjundju-, Lap sadat (become), Hun ellik (farrow)] : birth
syödä [from PFU *sewe. Cf. Est sööma, Kar sjuvvja, Hun eszik] : eat
syöstä [cf. Est sööst (dart)] : push, stab
syrjä [from FV *süryä] : edge
sysätä [from FV *süskä] : push
sysi [from PU *sidhe. Cf. Est süsi, Kar suzi, Lap caddja] : coal
syttyä [cf. Est süütama] : kindle
syvä [from FV *tiwä. Cf. Kar sjuvja] : deep
syy [from PU *siye] : year-ring; fiber
syy [from syy. Cf. Est süü, Lap sivva (reason)] : guilt
syylä [from PU *ciklä] : wart
T
taajoa [cf. Lap dadjut] : be mad
taantua [cf. Est taanduma] : back up, go back
taata [from *taka-, from Gmc. Cf. Est tootama] : warrant
taateli [from Gmc. Cf. Swe dadel] : dates
tahko [from *tasko, from FPrm *taske. Cf. Lap dahkki] : whetstone
tahkoa [from *tasko, from PFU *taske] : whet
tahma [cf. Est tahm] : grime
tahto [from *tasto, from PFU *tasta. Cf. Est tahe, Kar tahto, Lap dahttut (want)] : will
taide [cf. Lap daidda] : art
taika [from *taikan, from Gmc. Cf. Swe tecken (sign)] : magic
taikina [from *daig-, from Gmc. Cf. Est taigen, Lap daigi, Swe deg] : dough
taimi [cf. Est taim, Kar tajmen] : plant
taintua [from FV *taye] : swoon
taipua [from PFU *taye] : bend
taistella [cf. Lap daistalit] : fight
taivas [from Bal. Cf. Est taevas, Kar tajvas, Lit dievas (god)] : sky
taka- [from PU *taka. Cf. Est taga, Kar taga-, Lap duogas] : back, rear
takertua [from PFU *takke] : get stuck, be obstructed
takoa [cf. Est taguma, Kar tagua, Lap dahkut] : hammer
tali [from Gmc. Cf. Swe talg] : tallow
talja [from PFU *talya] : fur
talkkuna [from Sla] : a meal
talkoot [from Bal] : joint effort
tallata [from FPrm *talya] : trample
talli [from *stalli, from Gmc. Cf. Est tall, Swe stall] : stable
talo [see teljo. Cf. Est talu (farm), Lap dallu (house)] : house
taltta [from Sla. Cf. Rus doloto] : chisel
talvi [from PFU *tälwä. Cf. Est talv, Kar talvi, Lap dalvi, Hun tel] : winter
tamma [from Gmc. Cf. Swe tam (tame). For meaning change, cf. Eng dam (female animal) and Irish damh (ox)] : mare
tammi [from *dambi, from Sla. Cf. Est tamm, Kar tammi, Pol dab] : oak
tanhu [from *dansu. Gmc. Cf. Swe dans] : (folk) dance
tanko [from *stango, from Gmc. Cf. Swe staang] : pole
tanner [see tantere] : field
tanska [from Gmc. Cf. Swe dansk] : Danish
tantere [see tunturi] : field
tapa [from *daba, from Bal. Cf. Est tava, Lap dahpi] : habit, custom
tapella [see tappaa] : fight
tappaa [from PFU *tappa. Cf. Est tapma, Kar tappua, Hun tapos (trample)] : kill
tappara [from Sla. Cf. Rus topor] : axe
tarha [from *darza, from Bal. Cf. Est tara, Lit darzas] : hurdle
tarina [from Sla] : legend
tarkka [cf. Est tark (wise), Lap darki (accurate)] : accurate
tarmo [from PFU *tärmä. Cf. Lap darbmi] : energy
tarttua [from PFU *tartte. Cf. Hun tart (hold)] : grasp
tarve [from Gmc. Cf. Est tarve, Lap darbbu, Swe tarv] : need
tasku [from Gmc. Cf. Est tasku, Ger Tasche] : pocket
tasa [from PFU *tasa. Cf. Est tase, Lap dassi] : level
taula [from *taghla] : tinder fungus
taulu [from *tavlu, from Gmc. Cf. Lap tavval, Swe tavla] : table
tavara [from Sla. Cf. Lap davvir, Rus tovar] : goods
tauti [from *dauthi, from Gmc. Cf. Est taud, Swe död (death)] : disease
tavu [from *stavu, from Gmc. Cf. Swe stav] : syllable
täällä [from PFU *tä-l] : here
tähde [from PFU *täktä. Cf. Lap dakti (bone), Hun tetem (corpse)] : rest, remains
tähkä [from FPrm *teskä. Cf. Kar tähkju] : ear of corn
tähti [from FV *tästä. Cf. Est täht, Kat tiähti] : star
täi [from PFU *täye. Cf. Est täi, Kar täj, Lap dihkki, Hun tetü] : louse
tämä [from PFU *tä. Cf. Est tema (he), Lap dat] : this
tänään [from tämä. Cf. Est täna, Kar tänäpjaj] : today
täristä [from descr. *tär-] : tremble
täti [from FV *tätä. Cf. Est tädi] : aunt
täysi [from *täwsi, from *täwti, from PFU *täwdhe. Cf. Est täis, Kar täüzi, Lap dievva, Hun tele] : full
täyttää [from *täwt-, see täysi. Cf. Lap deavdit, Hun tölt] : fill
te [from PFU *te. Cf. Est te, Kar tüö, Lap dii, Hun ti] : you (plural)
teeri [from FPrm *tere. Cf. Est teder, Rus teterev] : hazel-grouse
tehdas [from Gmc] : stall; factory
tehdä [from PFU *teke. Cf. Est tegema, Lap dahkat, Hun tesz] : do
tela [from Gmc. Cf. Swe ställ] : stand
teljo [from Gmc. Cf. Swe tilja (floor, stage)] : seat (in boat)
teltta [from Gmc. Cf. Lap tealta, Swe tält] : tent
temmata [from *tempa-, from Bal. Cf. Lit tempti (drag)] : tear, jerk
temppu [cf. Est temp] : trick
terä [from PFU *terä. Cf. Est tera, Kar terja, Lap dearri, Hun tör (dagger)] : blade, edge
teräs [from terä. Cf. Est teras] : steel
terävä [from terä. Cf. Est terav, Kar terjau] : sharp
terva [from Bal. Cf. Est torv, Kar tervu] : tar
terve [cf. Est terve, Kar terveh, Lap dearvvas] : healthy
teuras [from *tebhras. Cf. Est tobras (beast)] : cattle for slaughter
tie [from PF *tee, from FPrm *teye. Cf. Est tee, Kar tie] : way
tietää [cf. Est teadma, Kar tiedie, Lap diehtit] : know
tiheä [from *tihedä < *tihta, from Gmc. Cf. Ger dicht] : dense
tihistä [from onomat. *tis-, see sihistä] : hiss
tiili [from *tigli, from Gmc. Cf. Lap diila, Swe tegel] : brick
tiima [from Gmc. Cf. Swe timma] : time, hour
tiine [from Bal] : pregnant
tiistai [from Gmc. Cf. Lap disttat, Swe tisdag] : Tuesday
tika [from *stiga, from Gmc. Cf. Swe stig (walkway)] : ladder
tikku [from *stikku, from Gmc. Cf. Swe sticka] : stick
tila [from Gmc, see tela. Cf. Lap dilli] : status
tilli [from Gmc. Cf. Lap dilla, Swe dill] : dill
timantti [from Gmc. Cf. Swe diamant] : diamond
tina [from Gmc. Cf. Est tina, Lap datni, Swe tinn] : tin
tinkiä [from Gmc. Cf. Est tingima, Lap dinggot (order), Swe tinga (order)] : bargain
tippa [from PFU *cüppe. Cf. Hun csepp] : drop
tiristä [from onomat. *tir-. Cf. Hun csurog] : drip
tiski [from Gmc. Cf. Swe disk] : dish-washing
tiuha [see tiheä] : raw
tiukka [from Gmc. Cf. Swe tjock (thick)] : taut; dense
toe [from Bal] : dam
tohtia [from FV *toste. Cf. Est tohtima (be able), Lap duostat (dare)] : dare
tohtori [from Gmc. Cf. Lap doavttir, Swe doktor] : doctor
tohveli [from Gmc. Cf. Est tuhvel, Swe toffel] : slippers
toimia [cf. Est toime (action), Lap doaibma (function)] : act, work
toinen [see tio. Cf. Est teine, Kar tojne] : other
toipua [cf. Est toibuma] : recover
toivoa [see toipua. Cf. Kar tojvuo, Lap doaivut (hope)] : wish
toki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe dock] : still
tokka [from Gmc. Cf. Swe docka] : dock
tolkku [from Sla. Cf. Rus tolk] : intellect
tolppa [from Bal. Cf. Lit stulpas] : pillar
tomu [cf. Est tolm, Kar tomu] : dust
tora [from PU *tore. Cf. Kar tora, Lap doarru, Hun tör (snare)] : quarrel, fight, battle
torakka [from Sla. Cf. Rus tarakan] : cockroach
torata [from tora. Cf. Est torelema (scold), Kar torata (fight), Hun dorgal (reprimand)] : quarrel, fight
tori [from *torgi, from Gmc. Cf. Est turg, Lap toarga, Swe torg] : market
torjua [from FV *torye. Cf. Lap doarjut (support)] : parry
torni [from Gmc. Cf. Est torn, Lap doardna, Swe torn] : tower
torppa [from Gmc. Cf. Swe torp] : tenant plot
torstai [from Gmc. Cf. Lap duorastat, Swe torsdag] : Thursday
torvi [from Bal. Cf. Est toru, Kar torvi] : pipe, tube
tosi [cf. Est tosi, Kar tozi, Lap duohta (true)] : truth
touko [from PFU. Cf. Hun tavasz (spring)] : spring work
toveri [from Sla. Cf. Rus tovarisch] : mate
tökötti [from Sla. Cf. Rus djogot’] : tar
törkeä [from *törkedä < *törke] : rough, rude
törky [cf. Lap dearga] : waste
töyhtö [from *teüstö] : crest
töykätä [from *teükä-] : push
töykeä [from *teükeä < *teüke] : gruff
töyry [from *teürü] : hill, slope
tuhat [from *tusat < *tuksa(n)t, from Bal. Cf. Est tuhat, Kar tuhat, Lap djuhat, Lit tuksantis] : thousand
tuhista [from onomat. *tus-] : hiss
tuhka [cf. Est tuhk, Kar tuhku] : ashes
tuhota [from *tuso-. Cf. Lap dussadit] : destroy
tuhto [from *tufto, from Gmc. Cf. Swe toft] : seat (in boat)
tuikea [from *tuvikeda < *tuvike] : fierce
tuisku [cf. Est tuisk] : snowstorm
tuki [cf. Est tugi] : support
tukka [cf. Kar tukku] : hair
tuli [from PU *tule. Cf. Est tuli, Kar tuli, Lap dolla] : fire
tulkki [from Gmc. Cf. Est tolk, Lap dulka, Swe tolk] : interpreter
tulla [from PU *tule. Cf. Est tulema, Kar tulla, Hun talal (find)] : come
tulli [from Gmc. Cf. Est toll, Lap duollu, Swe tull] : customs
tuma [from FV *tunga. Cf. Est tuum] : kernel
tumma [from *tumba. Cf. Est tume] : dark
tumppi [from *stumpi, from Gmc. Cf. Swe stump] : stub
tunkea [from PFU *tungke. Cf. Hun dug] : insert
tuntea [from PU *tumte. Cf. Est tundma, Kar tundie, Lap dovdat, Hun tud] : know, feel
tunti [from *stunti, from Gmc. Cf. Est tund, Swe stund] : hour
tunturi [cf. Lap duottar] : tundra
tuo [from PU *to. Cf. Est too, Kar taj, Lap duot, Hun tova (on, further, farther)] : that
tuoda [from PFU *toghe. Cf. Est tooma, Kar tuvva, Hun tojik (lay egg)] : bring
tuohi [from Bal. Cf. Lit tosis] : birch bark
tuoli [from *stuoli, from Gmc. Cf. Est tool, Lap stuollu, Swe stol] : chair
tuolla [from PFU *to-l. Cf. Kar tuol. See tuo] : there
tuomari [from *duomari, from Gmc. Cf. Lap duopmar, Swe domare] : judge
tuomi [from PU *dheme. Cf. Lap duopma] : bird cherry
tuomio [from *duom-, from Gmc. Cf. Lap duopmu, Swe dom] : judgement
tuoppi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe stop] : jug; pint
tupa [from *stuba, from Gmc. Cf. Est tuba, Lap stohpu, Ger Stube] : room
tupakka [from Gmc. Cf. Est tubakas, Lap duhpat, Swe tobak] : tobacco
tupata [from *stupa-, from Gmc. Cf. Swe stoppa] : stuff
tuppi [from Gmc. Cf. Est tupp] : sheath
turista [from onomat. *tur-. Cf. Hun durrog (crackle)] : prattle
turkki [cf. Lap dorka] : fur
turku [from Gmc. Cf. Est turg, Swe torg] : market
turpa [from FPrm *turpa] : muzzle
turpea [from *turpeda < *turpe] : turgid
turska [from Gmc. Cf. Est tursk, Lap dorski, Swe torsk] : cod
tuska [from Sla. Cf. Rus toska (grief)] : pain
turta [from FV *turta] : numb
turvata [cf. Lap dorvvastit] : protect
turve [from Gmc. Cf. Est turvas, Kar turveh, Swe torv] : peat
tusina [from Gmc. Cf. Swe dussin] : dozen
tuska [from Gmc. Cf. Rus toska (grief)] : pain
tutkain [from PFU *tudhyka. Cf. Hun tögy (udder)] : tip
tutkia [from tutkain. Cf. Lap dutkat] : search
tuuhea [from *tuuseda < *tuuse] : leafy
tuulas [from Bal] : harpoon
tuuli [from FPrm *tule. Cf. Est tuul, Kar tuuli] : wind
tuumia [from Gmc. Cf. Rus dumat’] : think
tyhjä [from *tus-, from Bal. Cf. Est tühi, Kar tühju, Lap dusse, Lit tuscias] : empty
tyhmä [from *tüsmä or *tusma. Cf. Est tuhm (dim)] : dull, stupid
tykki [from *stykki, from Gmc. Cf. Est tükk (piece), Swe stycke] : cannon
tymä [from PU *dhimä] : lime, glue
tympeä [from *tümpedä < *tümpe] : disgusting
tynkä [from *stünkä < *stumpa, from Gmc. Cf. Swe stump] : stump
typerä [from *stüperä < *stüp-] : stupid
typistää [from *stüp-] : mutilate
työ [from FV *tewe. Cf. Est töö] : work
työntää [from PFU *teke. Cf. Hun tü (needle)] : push
tyrmä [from Sla. Cf. Rus tjurma] : tower, prison
tyrmistyä [from PFU *tire. Cf. Hun dermed] : get rigid
tyrni [from Gmc. Cf. Swe torn (thorn)] : sea buckthorn
tytär [from *dukter, from Bal. Cf. Est tütar, Lit dukte] : daughter
tyven [from PFU *tiwä] : quiet
tyvi [from PFU *tinge. Cf. Est tüvi, Hun tö] : stem, trunk
tyyli [from *styyli, from Gmc. Cf. Swe stil] : style
tyyni [from tyven] : quiet
tyyny [from *dyyny, from Gmc. Cf. Swe dyna] : cushion
tyyris [from *dyyris, from Gmc. Cf. Swe dyr] : dear, expensive
tyytyä [cf. Lap duhtat] : be satisfied
U
udar [from FV *utare. Cf. Est udar] : udder
uhata [cf. Lap uhkidit] : threaten
uhkea [from *uskeda < *uske] : gallant
uhri [from *ufri, from Gmc. Cf. Est ohver, Lap oaffar, Swe offer] : sacrifice
uida [from PFU *uye. Cf. Est ujuma, Kar ujdua, Lap vuodjat, Hun uszik] : swim
ujo [cf. Lap udju] : shy
ukko [cf. Kar ukko (man)] : old man
uksi [from FPrm *ukse. Cf. Est uks, Kar uksi, Lap uksa] : door
ulko [from FPrm *ulke. Cf. Lap olgun] : outside
ummistaa [from FPrm *umpe] : close, exclude
unho [from PFU *wune] : oblivion
uni [from FV *une. Cf. Est uni, Kar uni, Lap oapman] : dream
unohtaa [see unho and uni. Cf. Est unustama, Kar unohtuo. Interesting to note that Mon untah (sleep) seems related to Tur unutmak (forget)] : forget
untuva [from PFU *wunce] : fluff, down
uoma [from Sla. Cf. Rus jama (pit)] : riverbed
upea [from *upeda < *upe, from Gmc. Cf. Lap ebmui] : stately
upota [cf. Est uppuma, Kar upota] : sink
ura [from PFU *ura. Cf. Lap urdi] : path
urakka [from Sla] : toil
urhea [from *ureda, see uros] : gallant
urho [from *uro, see uros] : hero
urista [from onomat. *ur-. Cf. Est urisema, Kar juristä] : growl
uros [from PFU *ure. Cf. Hun ur (lord)] : male
usea [from *useda < *use] : some
usko [from Gmc. Cf. Est usk, Lap osku] : faith
uskoa [from usko. Cf. Est uskuma, Kar uskuo, Icl hugsa] : believe
utu [cf. Est udu] : mist
uudin [from PFU *udhe] : curtain
uuma [from PFU *ume] : brave
uuni [from *ugni, from Gmc. Cf. Lap oapman, uvdna, Swe ugn] : oven
uusi [from PFU *wudhe. Cf. Est uus, Kar uuzi, Lap odas, Hun uj] : new
V
vaadin [from FV *waca. Cf. Lap vaza] : reindeer cow
vaahtera [from FV *wakse. Cf. Est vaher] : maple
vaahto [cf. Est vaht, Kar vuahti] : foam
vaaja [from *vaga, from Bal. Cf. Lit vagis] : wedge, stick, pole
vaaka [from *vaga, from Gmc. Cf. Swe vaag] : balance, scales
vaaksa [from FV *waksa. Cf. Est vaks, Lap vuoksi] : span
vaalea [from *valeda, see valo] : bright
vaali [from Gmc. Cf. Lap valga, Swe val] : choice
vaania [from FV *wane] : wait in ambush
vaara [from *fara, from Gmc. Cf. Lap varra, Swe fara] : danger
vaari [from Gmc] : attention
vaapsahainen [from Gmc or Bal. Cf. Est vapsik (hornet), Nor veps (wasp), Lit vapsva] : wasp
vaate [from Gmc. Cf. Swe vaad (fabric width)] : fabric; dress
vaatia [from PFU *wace. Cf. Hun vagy (desire)] : demand
vaha [from *vasa < *vaksa/vaska, from Gmc or Bal. Cf. Est vaha, Kar vaha, Swe vax, Lit vaskas] : wax
vahinko [cf. Lap vahat] : damage
vahti [from Gmc. Cf. Lap fakta, Swe vakt] : guard
vahva [cf. Est vahva (brave)] : strong
vai [from Bal. Cf. Est voi, Lap vai] : or
vaihe [from FPrm *waye. Cf. Est vahe] : distance, difference
vaihtaa [from vaihe. Cf. Est vahetama] : change
vaikka [from vai. Cf. Lap vaikke] : although
vaikutaa [cf. Lap vaikkohit] : affect
vaimo [from FV *wayme. Cf. Est vaim (ghost), Lap vaibmu (heart)] : wife
vainaja [from Gmc] : deceased
vaino [from Sla. Cf. Lap vaidnu (ravages), Rus vojna (war)] : trouble
vaipua [cf. Est vaibuma (calm down)] : sink
vaiva [from Gmc. Cf. Est vaiva, Lap vaivi, Got wai] : woe, trouble
vajaa [cf. Lap vadjit] : lacking
vajota [from PFU *woya] : sink
vako [from *vago, from Bal. Cf. Est vagu, Kar vago, Lit vaga] : furrow
vakoilla [from Gmc] : spy out
vala [from FV *wala] : oath
valaa [from FV *wala. Cf. Est valama, Kar valua] : pour
valas [from Gmc *(h)walaz. Cf. Est vaal, Lap falis, Swe val] : whale
valhe [cf. Est vale, Kar valeh (false)] : a lie
valita [see vaali. Cf. Est valima, Kar vallita, Lap valljet, Swe välja] : choose
valkama [from PFU *walka. Cf. Hun valik (divorce)] : harbor
valkea [from *valkeda, from PFU *walke. Cf. Est valge, Kar valgej, Lap vielgat, Hun vilag (world)] : white
vallata [from valta] : conquer
valmis [cf. Kar valmis, Lap valmmas] : ready
valmistaa [from valmis. Cf. Est valmistama (cook)] : prepare
valmu [from Gmc. Cf. Swe vallmo] : poppy
valo [from PFU *walye] : light, brightness
valta [from *valdi, from Gmc. Cf. Est vald (parish), Lap valdi (rule), Swe vaald] : power, might
valvoa [from valpas. Cf. Est valvama] : be awake, guard
vanha [from *vansa, from FPrm *wansa. Cf. Est vana, Kar vahnu] : old
vanhurskas [from Gmc] : true
vanki [from *fangi, from Gmc. Cf. Est vang, Lap fanga, Swe faange] : prisoner
vankka [cf. Lap vangka] : sturdy
vanko [from FPrm *wangka] : hook
vannas [from *vangas, from Bal] : ploughshare
vanne [from Gmc. Cf. Got wandus (wand)] : hoop
vannoa [cf. Est vanduma, Lap vuordnut] : swear
vanua [from PFU *wanye] : shrink
vapaa [from *svaba-, from Sla. Cf. Est vaba, Rus svobodny] : free
vara [from Gmc. Cf. Lap varit (assets)] : precaution; reserve
varas [from *vargas, from Gmc. Cf. Est varas, Kar varras, Got wargs] : thief
varastaa [see varas. Cf. Est varastama, Kar varrastua] : steal
varata [cf. Lap varret] : rely on
varis [from PU *ware. Cf. Est vares, Kar varoj, Lap vuorasas, Hun varju] : crow
varjo [cf. Est vari] : shade
varoa [from vara. Cf. Lap varuhit] : care, watch out
varpunen [from Sla. Cf. Est varblane, Rus vorobej] : sparrow
varras [see varsi] : pole
varrota [from *varto-, Gmc. Cf. Lap vuordit, Ger warten] : wait
varsa [from Bal. Cf. Lit versis] : foal
varsi [from FV *warte. Cf. Est vars, Kar varzi] : handle, stalk, stem
vartalo [see varsi] : stem
varten [cf. Lap varas] : for
vartio [from Gmc. Cf. Swe vaard (care)] : guard
varus [from Gmc] : armor; equipment
varvas [from varpa. Cf. Est varvas] : toe
vasara [from FV *wasara. Cf. Est vasar, Kar vazhara, Lap veahcir] : hammer
vasen [from PU *wasa. Cf. Est vasak, Kar vazhen] : left
vasikka [from FV *wasa. Cf. Est vasikas] : calf
vaski [from PU *waske. Cf. Est vask, Kar vaski, Lap veaiki, Hun vas (iron)] : copper
vasta [from *kvasta, from Gmc. Cf. Swe kvast] : broom
vasta [from FV *wasta] : only
vastata [see vasta. Cf. Est vastama, Kar vastata, Lap vastidit] : answer
vasten [see vasta. Cf. Est vastu, Kar vastal, Lap vuosta] : against
vata [from FV *wata] : seine
vati [from *fati, from Gmc. Cf. Swe fat] : bowl
vatkata [from PFU *wacka] : whip (cream)
vatsa [from PFU *waca. Cf. Est vats, Kar vachhu] : belly
vaula [from PFU *wakla] : hamstring
vaunu [from *vagnu, from Gmc. Cf. Lap vovdna, Swe vagn] : wagon
vauras [from *vabhras] : well-off
väärä [cf. Est väär (false)] : crooked; false
vähä [from FV *wäsä. Cf. Est vähe, Lap veahas] : few
väki [from PU *wäke. Cf. Est vägi (power), Kar vjagi, Lap veahka (help), Hun vele (with him)] : people
väli [cf. Est väli (plain)] : interval
välke [see valkea. Cf. Est välk (lightning)] : splendor
välttää [cf. Lap vealtat] : avoid
vänrikki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe fänrik] : lieutenant
väri [from *färgi, from Gmc. Cf. Est värv, Swe färg] : dye
väristä [from descr. *vär-] : tremble
värkki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe verk] : tool, material
värssy [from Gmc. Cf. Swe vers] : verse
värttinä [from Sla. Cf. Rus vereteno] : spool
värvätä [from Gmc. Cf. Swe värva] : recruit
västäräkki [cf. Lap bestor] : wagtail
väsyä [from FPrm *wäsä. Cf. Est väsima, Lap viessat] : tire
vävy [from PU *wänge. Cf. Est väi, Kar vjavvju, Hun vö] : son-in-law
väylä [from *väwlä] : route
vehje [from *veskes, from Sla. Cf. Rus vesch’ (thing)] : tool
vehnä [from FV *wesnä, from Gmc. Cf. Got wizns (life)] : wheat
veikeä [from *veikedä < *veike] : naughty
veisata [cf. Lap veaisidit] : sing
veitsi [from PFU *wängce. Cf. Kar vejcchi, Hun ves (carve)] : knife
velho [from Sla. Cf. Rus volhv (magic)] : witch, magician
veli [from PFU *welye. Cf. Kar velli, Lap viellja] : brother
velka [cf. Est volg, Kar velgu, Lap vealgi] : debt
velloa [from Gmc. Cf. Swe välla] : well up
vene [from FV *wene. Cf. Kar veneh, Lap fanas] : boat
venyä [from PFU *wene. Cf. Est venima (drag), Lap vatnat (strain)] : stretch
veräjä [from Sla] : gate
veres [from veri. Cf. Lap varas] : fresh
verho [from FV *werca. Cf. Est voru (ring)] : curtain, cover
veri [from PFU *wire. Cf. Est veri, Kar veri, Lap varra, Hun ver] : blood
verkko [from Gmc. Cf. Est vork, Kar verko] : net
vero [from PFU *were. Cf. Lap vearru] : tax
verrata [from verta. Cf. Lap veardit] : compare
verta [from Gmc] : extent
vesi [from PU *wete. Cf. Est vesi, Kar vezi, Hun viz] : water
vetää [from PFU *wetä. Cf. Est vedama, Kar vediä, Hun vezet (lead)] : pull, draw
vetelä [from vesi] : thin, watery
veto [from Gmc. Cf. Lap veaht-, Swe vad] : bet
viedä [from PFU *wighe. Cf. Est viima, Kar vediä, Hun visz] : take, carry
vielä [from Bal. Cf. Est veel, Lap vel, Lit vel again] : yet
vieras [cf. Est vooras, Kar viaras, Lap vieris] : strange, foreign
vieri [from FV *were] : side, rim
vieriä [cf. Est veerema, Kar viärrja] : roll
viesti [from Sla. Cf. Kar viesti, Rus vest’] : news
vieteri [from *fiederi, from Gmc. Cf. Est vedru, Swe fjäder] : spring
viha [from FPrm *wisa. Cf. Est viha, Kar viha] : anger
vihanta [from viha] : green
vihata [from viha. Cf. Lap vasuhit] : hate
vihistä [from onomat. *vis-. Cf. Swe viska] : whistle
vihjata [from *vis-, from Gmc. Cf. Swe visa (show)] : hint
vihkiä [from Gmc. Cf. Lap vihahit, Got weihs (holy), Ger weihen (hallow)] : marry
vihko [from *visko, from Gmc. Swe viska (small broom)] : bunch; sheaf
vihma [cf. Est vihm (rain), Kar vihmu] : drizzle
vihreä [from *vihredä < *vihre, from viha] : green
vihta [from *vista, see vasta] : broom
viihtyä [from *vis-, from Gmc. Cf. Got weihs (spot)] : feel at home
viikate [from Bal] : scythe
viikko [from Gmc. Cf. Lap vahkku, Swe väcka] : week
viikuna [from *fikuna, from Gmc. Cf. Est viigi, Swe fikon] : fig
viila [from *fila, from Gmc. Cf. Est viil, Swe fila] : file
viileä [from *vilvedä < *vilpe, from vilpas. Cf. Est vilu] : cool
viili [from *fili, from Gmc. Cf. Swe fil] : sour milk
viime [from PFU *winge. Cf. Est viimane, Lap viimmat (finally), Hun veg (end)] : last
viina [from viini. Cf. Est viin, Lap viidna] : liquor
viini [from Gmc. Cf. Lap viidni, Swe vin] : wine
viipyä [cf. Est viibima] : stay
viisari [from Gmc. Cf. Swe visare] : indicator
viisas [from Gmc. Cf. Lap viissis, Swe vis] : wise
viisi [from PU *witte. Cf. Est viis, Kar vijzi, Lap vihtta, Hun öt] : five
viita [from *svita, from Gmc. Cf. Swe svea] : grove
viitata [from *viisata, from Gmc. Cf. Swe visa] : show
vika [cf. Est viga, Lap vihki] : fault
vilahtaa [cf. Lap falasit] : flash, rush
vilja [from Sla. Cf. Est vili (fruit), Lap vallji (abundance), Rus obilije (abundance)] : corn
villa [from *vilna, from Bal. Cf. Est vill, Lit vilna] : wool
villi [from *vildi, from Gmc. Cf. Swe vild] : wild
viltti [from Gmc. Cf. Swe filt] : blanket
vimpa [from Proto-Nordic. Cf. Est vimb] : bream (fish)
vino [from FV *winya. Lap vinju-] : twisted, slanting
vipu [cf. Kar vibu] : lever
virka [from PU *wirka. Cf. Lap virgi] : office
virkeä [from *virkedä < *virke. Cf. Lap virkkos] : fresh
virpi [from Bal] : rod
virsi [from Bal. Cf. OPru virds (word)] : verse
virsta [from Sla. Cf. Rus verst] : mile
virsu [from Sla] : shoes
virta [from Sla. Cf. Pol wart] : stream
visertää [cf. Lap vizardit] : chirp
viskaali [from Gmc. Cf. Swe fiskal] : attorney general
vispata [from Gmc. Cf. Swe vispa] : whisk
vissi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe viss] : sure
viti [cf. Lap vahca] : fresh snow
viulu [from Gmc. Cf. Swe fiol] : violin
voi [from PFU *woye. Cf. Est voi, Kar voj, Lap vuodja, Hun vaj] : butter
voida [from PFU *woye. Cf. Est voima, Kar vojja, Lap veadjit] : be able
voidella [from voi. Cf. Lap vuoidat] : smear with oil
voima [see voida. Cf. Est voim, Lap fapmu] : force
voittaa [see voida. Cf. Est voitma, Lap vuoitit] : win
voro [from Sla. Cf. Rus vor] : thief
vouti [from Gmc. Cf. Ger Vogt] : bailiff
vuo [from PFU *unga] : riverbed
vuode [from PFU *odhe. Cf. Est voodi, Hun agy] : bed
vuohi [from *uozi, from Bal. Cf. Lit ozys] : goat
vuokra [from *uokra, from Gmc. Cf. Swe ocker] : rent
vuoksi [from vuo] : flood, tide
vuolas [cf. Est vool (current)] : rapid
vuoliainen [from vuoli, from PU *wole] : beam, rafter
vuolla [from PFU *wole] : carve, scratch
vuona [from *ogna, from Celtic] : lamb
vuono [cf. Lap vuotna] : fjord
vuori [from PU *were. Cf. Kar vuaru, Lap varri, Hun orr (nose)] : mountain
vuori [from *fuotri, from Gmc. Cf. Est vooder, Swe foder] : lining
vuoro [from Gmc] : row, turn
vuosi [from PFU *odhe. Cf. Kar vuozi] : year
vuota [from Bal. Cf. Lit oda] : leather
vuotaa [from vuo] : flow
vyö [from PU *wingä. Cf. Est vöö, Kar vjuö, Hun öv] : belt
vyöryä [see vieriä] : roll
vyyhti [from *vifti, from Gmc. Cf. Swe väft (weft)] : skein
Y
ydin [from PFU *wide. Cf. Est üdi, Kar üdin, Lap adja, Hun velö] : marrow
yhdeksän [from yksi and FV *deksan (ten). Cf. Est üheksa, Kar üheksja, Lap ovcci] : nine
yksi [from FV *ikte. Cf. Est üks, Kar üksi, Lap okta] : one
ylä [from PU *wilä. Cf. Est ülal (above), Lap alla] : over-, super-
ylkä [from PFU *irkä. Cf. Lap irgi (groom), Hun -er in ember (man)] : groom
ymmärtää [from *ümbär-, Cf. Lap ipmirdit] : understand
ympäri [cf. Est ümber, Kar ümbari] : around
yö [from PFU *eye. Cf. Est öö, Kar üö, Lap idja, Hun ej] : night
ystävä [cf. Lap ustit] : friend
* * *
Abbreviations:
Bal = Baltic (Latvian, Lithuanian, Old Prussian)
cf. = compare
descr. = descriptive (word)
dial. = dialect(al)
Est = Estonian
f. = feminine
F = Finnic (Finnish, Estonian, Karelian, Lapponian)
Fin = Finnish
FPrm = Finnic-Permic
FU = Finno-Ugric
FV = Finnic-Volgaic
Ger = German
Gmc = Germanic (German, Gothic, Langobard, OHG, Swedish)
Got = Gothic
Hun = Hungarian
Icl = Icelandic
infl. = influence(d)
Ira = Iranian
Kar = Karelian
Lan = Langobard
Lap = Lapponian (Northern Saami)
Lat = Latin
Lit = Lithuanian
Ltv = Latvian
med. = medicine
Mon = Mongolian
n. = noun
Nor = Norwegian
obs = obsolete
OHG = Old High German
ON = Old Norse
onomat. = onomatopoeic (word)
OPru = Old Prussian
PBal = Proto-Baltic
PF = Proto-Finnic
PFU = Proto-Finno-Ugric
Pol = Polish
Prm = Permic (Komi, Udmurt)
PU = Proto-Uralic
Rom = Romanian
Rus = Russian
Skt = Sanskrit
Sla = Slavic (Polish, Russian)
Swe = Swedish
Tur = Turkish
Ugc = Ugric (Hungarian)
v. = verb
V = Volgaic (Mari, Mordvin)
vulg = vulgar
Yid = Yiddish
Notes:
1. This Shorter Finnish Dictionary contains only those Finnish words that have established etymologies. In some cases, I added those Finnish words that only have assumed etymologies (assumed by some scholars, or assumed by myself). A lot of words, however, lack etymologies altogether. To my great regret, these were left out of this Shorter Finnish Dictionary.
2. The Finnish alphabet puts ä, ö after y, imitating the Swedish alphabet. Instead, I decided to put ä after a, and ö after o.
3. Apart from ä, ö and ü, I left out all other diacritical marks. (Swedish a with the small circle on top becomes aa.) Maybe that makes my dictionary less accurate, but much simpler to handle.
4. The abbreviation cf. means ’compare’, and not ’borrowed from’ or ’lent to’ or ’akin to’.
As far as I know, this is the first Finnish etymological dictionary in English.
For more data, read the following works (all in Finnish only):
1. SKES = Suomen Kielen Etymologinen Sanakirja
2. SSA = Suomen Sanojen Alkuperä
3. NES = Nykysuomen Etymologinen Sanakirja
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